of Western Af(]hanistan and North-Easteni Persia. 185 



Sarshaf — <_i;ij.«. — Rape, Brassica campestris. 

 Sarson — ^y>^j->^ — Hindustani for Rape, Brassica 



CAMPESTRIS. 



Scitar — ^Ax^ — a labiate, with a strong odour of 



Peppermint. 

 Saxaol — the Turkomani name for Haloxylon 



Ammodendron, the AVhite Tamarisk of 



Europeans. 

 Scents — 



Eose-water, f/ul-db, is prepared from the flowers of the 

 Damask rose, Rosa damascena. A willow, Salix species, 

 is cultivated in Herat, for a scent that is obtained from its 

 flowers by distillation. The shrub is called majnu, the shrub 

 and scent bed-mushk ; this may prove to be Salix Capeea, 

 which is cultivated in the Punjab also for this purpose, but 

 I have no other authority for considering it so. The 

 rhizomes of an Iris, oi^isd orisld, are imported from "Western 

 Persia for their scent, as well as to be employed in medicine. 

 The Musk-pod, muslik, tihit, is imported from Tibet ; from 

 Central Asia the true savihcd, Ferula Sumbul, and as a 

 substitute for the last, the root-stock of Ferula suaveolens. 

 The root-stocks of Valeriana Walltchiana, called in these 

 parts samhal-ultlb, are imported from Afghanistan proper to 

 Meshad. 



The following gum-resins and herbs are strongly scented -. 

 — Galbanum, the gum-resin of Ferula galbaniflua, especially 

 when burnt ; the grass AjSTDROPogon laniger ; the gum- 

 resin of a species of Balsamodendron ; the fresh root-stock 

 of Ferula suaveolens ; Ziziphora tenuior, the whole plant, 

 is strongly pregnant with an odour of Peppermint ; Teucrium 

 serratum upon being crushed gave forth the odour of 

 Asafcetida. The tubers on the roots of Eremostachys species, 

 when crushed, yield an aroma usually associated with the 



CrUCIFER/E. 



Scorzonera mollis, Bieh. Composite, and 

 Scorzonera tuberosa, Pall. Composite. 

 The tuberous roots of these and other species are called 

 jhdg, kainhul, mandaldk ; they are collected and eaten, eitlier 



TRAXS. BOT. SOC. VOL. XVIII. 2 A 



