of Western Afghanistan and North-Eastem Persia. 197 



Sophora pachycarpa, C. A. Mey. Leguminos^. 



Karuna, talkh. This is a very common roadside shrub, 

 which no animals will graze upon owing to its extreme 

 bitterness. 



Sorghum vulgare, Linn. Graminb^. 



The greater, or great ]sLi\let,jaor,Jaoi%jciodr,jciodri,jdoras, 

 jawars, jawaras, jaorl-turkomam, Tcios-ayi ; the joivdr of the 

 Punjab. 



This Millet is cultivated largely at Panjdeh, Bala-morghab, 

 Maimana, on the Helmand, and in Baluchistan. In the 

 district between Herat and Meshad it is only cultivated as 

 single plants, here and there amongst crops, such as tobacco 

 and melons which are freely irrigated. This Millet and 

 Zea-mays go by almost the same names, so that unless one 

 inquires what the natives are speaking about it is impossible 

 for us, and I believe even for themselves, to know which of 

 these two they are alluding to, unless they use some distinc- 

 tive term. The best name, and one which identifies the 

 plant, but which is rarely used, is kios-a-gi, meaning " the 

 bent-grass," from the way the flower-heads are bent down. 

 The stems here are not crushed but given entire to cattle. 



Sour, acid, harsh-tasted — trush, tursh, turush, Ishkln. 

 Spdnclj — ^^^-j^ — sjxJndkh — ^Ijl-j.^ — and spincij — the 



pot-herb Spinage. 

 Spinage — Spinacia oleracea. 

 Spand — .xJLyw — spanddn — 01*5^*^^ — spanj — the 



herb, Peganum Harmala. 

 Spangaoll, spanguli, spingidl — the herb Pegaxum 



Harmala ; and the name of a locality where 



the herb was common. 

 Spared' — jS^jk*^ — spang — ^.^j-J^'* — Delphinium 



Zalil, and its flowers. 

 Species, kind, sort — gun, guna. 

 Spikenard — Nardostachys Jatamansi. 



Spinacia oleracea, Linn. Chexopodiace^. 

 Spinage, spinach, spdndj, spdndkh, spindj. I feel quite 

 •iure that ^I. De CaudoUe is correct in assuuiiu''- this to be 



