of Western Afghanistan and North- Eastern Persia. 205 



Tamhaku, tanbdku — ^iUxJ — Tobacco, the plant, and 

 preparation from the leaves of Nicotiana 

 species. 



Tanakdr, tunakdr, tinkdr — jIOj — tanahdl, tinkdl 

 — ^iCaj — Borax, Biborate of soda. 



Tanning — 



I. The indigenous plants and substances procurable in 

 the country that are employed in the processes of tanning 

 are : — 



Tamarix gallica, as sliown by one of its names gaz-mdzu, is 



known to yield a gall that is employed, but it is not made 



use of here. 

 ZiZYPHUS VULGARIS. The bark of the root of the indigenous 



shrub. 

 PisTACiA TEREBiNTHUS, var. MUTiCA. The leaves are turned to 



account. 

 PiSTACiA VERA. The galls of the leaves are an importaut 



commercial product, both for dyeing and tanning, and are 



largely used here as well as exported, as is the external 



covering of the nut, and the unfertilized ovaries. 

 PuN'iCA Granatum. The fruit of the indigenous shrub, and 



the poor fruit of the cultivated one, yield their rind for 



colouring and tanning leather. 

 Prosopis Stephaniana. The galled pods of this plant are 



resorted to in tanning ; these are exported for the same 



purpose. 

 Apocynum venetum. The bark of the creeping underground 



stem is considered a valuable substance for tanning skins to 



be employed as water bottles. 

 Salsola arbuscula. The leaves and small branches are much 



used in preparing skins, in the desert country of Baluchistan, 



to be used as water holders. 

 Limb and Barilla are both freely manufactured throughout 



the country. These are both employed in the process of 



tanning. 



II. Cultivated to yield tanning material : — 



Rhus Coriaria is cultivated in orchards for its leaves, which 

 are used both in dyeing and tanning. 



III. Substances imported into the country to be employed 

 in tanning : — 



Catechu. The extract of Acacia Catechu. 



