206 Brigade- Surgeon J. E. T. Aitchison's iVb^cs on Products 



Oak-galls. The galls of Quercus species. 

 Areca Nuts. The seed of Areca Catechu. 

 Turmeric. The rhizomes of Curcuma long a ; this is much 

 used in finishing the sheep skins that are manufactured into 

 rdstlns. 

 The town of Turbat-i-Haidri, in Khorasan, produces an 

 immense amount of leather, and here shoes of all sorts are 

 manufactured very largely ; these are traded with in every 

 direction, and have a great reputation for quality. 



Tar — Pitch — (manufactured), kdr, sla-roghan ; 



(natural), mumldi, momlm. 

 Tar — -ys — tar, td — wet, moist, green, juicy, luscious, 



fresh, young. 

 Tar-angabln — cvJ•:^■^^j|;•-'* — tar-anjabln — ^^^j.xs:\y — 



[green-honey] ; in these parts the manna 



collected from the shrub Alhagi camelorum. 

 I at first thought that the reason why the name tar- 

 angahln was applied to this manna was that it was " the 

 manna from the green bush, this name probably originating 

 from the shrub remaining vividly green over the country 

 long after all other plants have dried up and disappeared" 

 {Pharm. Jour., Dec. 11, 1886). Since then I have seen Layard's 

 Early Adventures in Persia, vol. i. p. 349, where he says 

 — " The mountainous country beyond Fellaut, in which we 

 now entered, was thickly wooded with the ' heloot ' or oak. 

 I observed several different species, one in particular bear- 

 ing a very large and handsome acorn. But these trees are 

 chiefly valuable for the white substance, called by the 

 Bakhtyari ' gaz ' or ' gazu, ' a kind of manna. It is an 

 article of export to all parts of Persia, and is everywhere 

 sold in the bazaars, and employed in the manufacture of a 

 sweetmeat called ' Gaz-enjubeen,' which is much relished and 

 considered very wholesome. When boiled with the leaves and 

 allowed to harden it forms a kind of greenish cake not dis- 

 agreeable to the taste ; but prepared for the use of the 

 ladies of the cnderun, and to be offered to guests, it is care- 

 fully skimmed and separated from the leaves, when it be- 

 comes a sort of white paste of very delicate flavour." The 

 name tar-angabin would apply correctly to Layard's " greenish- 

 cake," and this name has in all probability been merely 



