of Western Afghanistan and Korth-Eastern Persia. 225 



entering into Kashmir, where I believe it also to be 

 indigenous, it is more of a tree, and there forms a thicket 

 that wild pigs cannot pass through. It is cultivated in all 

 orchards (where its character is that of a good sized tree, but 

 with few or no thorns) for its fruit, which is largely eaten by 

 the natives, especially on journeys, in the same way as the 

 fruit of the El^agnus, and this may account for the spread 

 of the tree throughout the whole of Asia, wherever caravan 

 journeys were made ; but at the same time I am of the 

 opinion that within the hills from the Badghis eastwards it 

 is an indigenous shrub. I have seen it but very rarely 

 cultivated in the Punjab plains, and in the Kuram Valley I 

 found it being grown as a hedge, and cultivated at a shrine. 

 Between Kuram and Thai it was certainly indigenous, but 

 resembled Zizyphus nummularia more in its method of 

 growth. 



The wood is valued as handles for farm implements. On 

 the removal of the bark, the wood takes on a red colouring, 

 hence its name tabar-khun. The branches of the cultivated 

 tree are much cut off to be given as fodder to goats and 

 sheep, and the bark of the branches of the cultivated tree, 

 or of the roots of the indigenous shrub, is employed in the 

 process of tanning. 



Zoghdl, zughdl — ^Uj — zagdl — ^L^ — charcoal. 



Zozimia absinthifolia, Vent. Umbelliper^. 

 HiW-Cdirrois, zardah-koM. A common herb, much eaten as 

 a vegetable. 



Ziifa — lij)j — Hyssopus (?) species. 



Zuft, zaft, zift — C3j — pitch, resin, tar ; the gum 



or resin of a cultivated tree, posh-e-khdm. 

 Zuma, zama — a^j — a white stone, alum. 

 Zurat — the name on the Helmand for Sorghum 



VULGARE. 



Zygophyllum atriplicioides, Finch, et Mey. ZYGOPHYLLEiE. 



Kech, kich, kick. This is one of the commonest shrubs 



from Nushki to the Hari-rud, and is one of the few plants 



TRAILS. EOT. SOC. VOL. XVIII. 2 F 



