Glands in the Cotyledons. 441 



the root, rootlets, or stem, and in the leaves to the midrib — 

 piled above each other in column, as indicated in Plate III, 

 fig. 9, h. r., enable the seedling to be at once recognised. 



The fruit of Galium Aparine is tuberculed, the rounded 

 projections being crowned with hairs, having enlarged bases 

 and sharply-hooked tips. Each fruit consists of two seeds 

 with an amphitropous embryo in each. The raphides, which 

 are frequent in the tuberculed coat (testa), dissolve out 

 before the embryo germinates. The microscope discloses 

 the presence of no raphides in the brown endoplure layer of 

 polygonal cells, neither in the indurated albumen, nor in the 

 embryo. Moreover, HCl causes no effervescence in contact 

 with the ash of seeds from which the seed coats have been 

 carefully removed. The great aggregation of lime in Galium 

 Aparine is indicated on application of HCl to any portion of 

 the ash of root, stem, leaves, or seed coats. These raphides 

 consist of calcic oxalate. 



In the embryo already referred to, where the radicle had 

 protruded only '2 of an inch, and in which the horizontal 

 raphides arranged in columns occurred, there were further 

 up, as well as at the very apex of the radicle, numerous 

 vertical raphides (Plate III., fig. 9, v. r.). There were no 

 raphides, however, discovered in the cotyledons removed 

 from the horny albumen. In another germinating seed the 

 same conditions were found in the radicle, which had pro- 

 truded "3 of an inch, but in the cotyledons dissected out 

 several groups of raphides were seen (not more than three 

 groups). 



In a series of fully-developed seedlings, ranging from 1"3 

 to 2*5 inches, the vertical raphides occurred at the apex of 

 the root, also in its upper portion, as well as in the stem, 

 cotyledons, and, although sparingly, in the primary leaves ; 

 whilst the horizontal invariably occupied that portion of the 

 radicle just above its extreme apex. 



In numerous seedlings obtained in the fields the rootlets 

 exhibited the same phenomena in the region of the root-cap, 

 viz., horizontal raphides arranged in columns, and vertical 

 raphides at the extreme apex. The absence almost entirely 

 of the vertical raphides in the rootlet beyond the region of 

 the root-cap is to be noted, as they occurred frequently in 

 the corresponding region of the root. 



