KOXO : CHASHI OR FORTRESSES OF THE AINU. 89 



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CHASHI OR FORTRESSES OF THE AINU. 



(RESUME.) 

 Bv T. KÖXO. 



(With Il.ue IT.) 



1. Definition of Chashi. CJiasJd is an Ainu word applied to a fortress 

 enclosed either by an open ditch or earth embankment, or protected by steep 

 slopes. It is at present generally known by the name of Chashikot which 

 means the site of a fortress, or the place where a fortress was. 



2. Distribution of Chashi. ChasJd are distributed throughout the main 

 island of Hokkaido or Yezo. where more than ninety remains in different 

 localities ha\"e already been recorded. They are also found in the northern 

 provinces of Honshu and in the Kurile Islands. 



3. Position and Size of Chashi. A ChasJd is generally built on the top 

 of a hill, or on the projecting point of a terrace near the sea. lake or river. 

 Generally they are located in such places where they can easily procure food and 

 water, and can command a wide view of the surrounding countr)-. Their height 

 is from 20 to 80 feet, but seldom reaches to more than 200 feet. Their circum- 

 ference is from 120 to 600 feet. CJiasJd of smaller size are more abundant 

 than the lareer ones. 



