TIMBj : GEOLOGY OF JAPANESE SAKHALIN. 7 



Depression. The oldest known and the best explored localit>' of the Cretaceous 

 fossils is that of Cape de la Jonquiere near Alexandrofsk. The ver\- rich 

 locality on the lower course of the Xaibuchi river, called " Petrefactenschlucht " by 

 LOPATIX, who lost all his collections from there on his boat turning upside down, 

 was studied particularly for the coal-seams found there in the Tertiary. There are 

 several other places in Sakhalin, where more or fewer specimens of Cretaceous 

 fossils have been already found ; as for instance at the Gilyak hamlet of Pilevo and at 

 W'enchishi. both on the west coast, on the rivers Klioi. Shiruturu. and Makunkotan, 

 besides at Wäre and Otasan on the coast of Patience Ba\-. Takinosawa on the 

 pass from \'ladimirotka (the future seat of the local government) to Mauka across 

 the Western Range, and Motsnai, Tomarionnai. &c. on the west coast of Aniwa 

 bay. Besides, SCHMIDT states the occurrence at ^lanue on the coast of Patience 

 bay. also at Cape Patience, at Cape Bellingshausen, and near Rymnik. However I 

 only found finely broken shells of Inoceramus in collosal amount, enclosed in a 

 black shale, at about 8 km. to the north of Xarumi on the east coast. The 

 Mesozoic region near Toni, observed b\' Kataya>L\, affords no fossil. 



The Cretaceous rocks, which ver}* often show a meridional strike, and carrj' 

 tufaceous admixtures as the Tertiar>' sediments do, , are sandstones (in part 

 glauconitic, as on the river Xaibuclii and on the west of Takinosawa). besides shales 

 (gray or dark in colour, and sometimes hard as on the Kliandasa river, and usually 

 carrying marly nodules, which may grow together in layers), and conglomerates. 

 The Cretaceous conglomerates must not be confounded with those on the boundary' 

 of the coal-bearing Tertiary- and the Cretaceous, as observed at Pilevo and on the 

 Khandasa river. A peculiar light-gray marl, ow the lower course of the 

 Xaibuchi and on the Khandasa too, is without any fossil. \\ ell preserved fossils 

 are to be sought for in marly nodules in the shale, but less common in the shale itself 

 or in sandstone. It is usually \<txy difficult to draw a Ihie of boundary between 

 the Cretaceous and Tertiaries. wliich are always found side by side, and whose 

 petrographical characters are in most cases perfectly identical. Only a peculiar 

 white-spotted appearance after weathering of a gray sandstone in the Cretaceous, 

 as on the Khandasa and Pilevo rivers, is to be noted. 



The principal fossils are Nucnla, Cuatllaea, Jnoccramus ,Phylloceras, Puzosia, 

 Pachydiscus, Gaudrycras, Hamites, TrocJiocyathus. Cidaris, Ananchytinarnin, 

 &c. 



The horizon represented in the Cretaceous of Sakhalin will correspond to the 

 uppermost parts of the same formation in Hokkaido. A regular meridional strike 

 is often obser\ed on the river Khandasa (where no fossils were collected), on the 



