14 # ffi-?l^ $5 * 7 7 h it IC :fe S 



with their terminations formed by tlie Capes Patience, Notoro, and Shiretoko. 

 There are no other well marked promontories in Sakhalin. The existence of the 

 three capes and the narrow form of land, measuring only about 30 km. from Manue 

 to Kushunnai on about 48^, are v^ery important when taken in connection with the 

 oceanic currents, meteorological conditions, and the distribution of marine plants 

 and animals. 



Patience bay is very shallow (K. W'ada, p. 12-13). ^^ bc-n a line is drawn 

 between Cape Patience and Cape Toni, the breadth of the sea enclosed on the 

 west side of it is lOO sea-miles in maximum, but the depth rarely exceeds 50 

 fathoms. Patience bay is particularly shallow, showing a flat sandy bottom. 



On the other side of the line, the real sea-bottom is found at about 1 5 sea miles 

 to the east of Toni, showing there a depth of 125-160 fathoms. 



Aniwa bay is also shallow (K. Wada, p. 13), the depth being generally about 

 25 fathoms on the inside of the line from Cape Notoro to Cape Shiretoko. Sound- 

 ings of 50 fathoms or more were rarely made there. 



The Western Range. 



The general topographical features of this part of Sakhalin, whose watershed 

 lies a little to the west of the real median line, shows a marked contrast with the 

 east side of the Median Depression. 



Here we find a great development of the Tertiaries and the Cretaceous, with a 

 less extensive one of Volcanic and other Eruptive Rocks. The Cretaceous forms 

 high mountains, among which the Ninkutnupuri shows lofty peaks with snow 

 remaining in summer in some parts of narrow valleys. 



On the east, however, we find particularly rugged sceneries of Palaeozoic 

 rocks with subordinate Crystalline Schists, besides the Tertiaries, the Mesozoic, and 

 Eruptive rocks, which are all more limited in area. The Volcanic Rocks are, 

 however, not wanting in the east. 



Now look at the west coast of the Western Range (K. Wada, p. 2-5 and 13), 

 which consists essentially of the Tertiaries, in which diabase, andesite and other 

 eruptives appear in various forms. Turning round Cape Notoro from Aniwa bay, 

 we pass over to the coast of the Japan sea, measuring more than 500 km. up to 

 Ambets on the boundary. Our Chart published by the Hydrographie Office puts 

 the cape at 45^ 54' N, L. The general straightness of the coast-line is remarkable 

 in Sakhalin, especially to the north of Cape Patience. 



Along the west coast, a depth of loo fathoms is often observed even at a 

 distance of 10 miles from the beach line ; that of 10 fathoms is found at about one 



