i6 m S-?I5 «I tj 7 7 1- m K ;«c -S 



descending directly into the sea water. There the principal roads are Otekkoro, 

 Tomarioro, Oronbentomari, Epekeenrun, Shiraroro, and others, of which Tomarioro 

 is of some importance. 



The region of Kushunnai shows broad and flat sandy shores. 



Between Paikoshakushi and Ebishi (about 20 km.), hilly lands come close to 

 the sea water. 



To the north of Raichishka, where a large lagoon of the same name is found, 

 we observed a mountain of andesite, on which stand the conical mounts of Ichara, 

 Kotanturu, and so forth. There Cape Ushoro shows steep cliffs of rock with big 

 boulders underneath, which is a feature not commonly observed on the west coast. 



On the stretch of 160 km. from Ushoro to Ambets on the 50th. Parallel, the 

 coast-line shows very few slight concavities. They are Horokeshi, Omuto, Itonai, 

 and Nayashi. These places show shallow waters, and with the exception of 

 Nayashi, are lined with steep cliffs with narrow grounds below. 



Now the west coast of Aniwa bay (K. WadA, p. 6). There are Tertiary 

 rocks, besides Volcanic Rocks and the Cretaceous of a limited extent. There are 

 numerous high rock-cliffs, chiefly of andesite, descending directly into the sea water. 

 A bay on the south of Cape Chishiya forms the only road for smaller ships on the 

 whole extent of the coast, which measures 120 km. from Notoro to the opening of 

 the Rütaka river. 



We now pass over toward the north of Korsakoff, and make observations from 

 Dubki, along the east coast of Sakhalin, up to Nayoro, (K. Waka, p. 9). 



From Dubki to Shiraraka, there is a sandy coast with many lagopn-lakes, 

 showing a very broad plain on the mouth of the Naibuchi river. There are many 

 huge dunes on this plain, where travellers wonder at the abundance of dwarf 

 pines [Pimis pinnila), which are to be seldom observed on the other coasts of 

 Sakhalin. All the lagoon-lakes are nothing but the bends of rivers, which are, on 

 both east and west coasts of the Western Range, usually directed towards the 

 north. The sea-bottom shows a gentle slope, the reefs are not there abundant, 

 and only at Wäre we find a poor shelter for boats. 



To the north of Shiraraka, especially in the region between Wäre and Makun- 

 kotan, the mountains form steep precipices directly descending into the deep sea, 

 where numerous reefs are also observed. The well-known Tusso mountain belongs 

 to this part of the sea-coast. There are also terrace lands. Between Shiraraka. 

 and Poronaipo, the sea-bottom is irregular and carries many reefs on it. Between 

 Wäre and Poronaipo there are submarine shelves. 



To the north of Makunkotan, the coast-line allows free passage to observers, 



