JIMBO : GEOLOGY OF JAPANESE SAKHALIN. I9 



The eastern sea-coast forms a gentle curve from Cape Patience up to beyond 

 Xarumi, everywhere with sandy beaches. On this part the sea is covered with mist 

 very frequently in spring and summer ; and often at the end of August, even under 

 a perfectl}- clear sky, the horizon is still found misty. 



That part was geologically observed by K.\WAs-\KI and his party, as well as 

 by mvself. Commander Y. WaDA obsei'ved the presence of shale (.^|, making cliffs 

 between Flat Bay and Cape Bellingshausen. K.wvasaki'S observation extends 

 from Cape Patience to a little before the Taodo lake, which he did not observe. My 

 route along the sea was between the mouth of the Akhmametieff river and the 

 andesite cliff, lying about 16 km. to the south of Xarumi. and also at a place on 

 the north side of Cape Povorotoni. which I touched last year. 



Kawasaki has coloured as Cretaceous, in his geological map. the whole 

 coast from the west side of Funakoshi just to Xarumi, and ScilMIDT has mentioned 

 the occurrence of the Cretaceous at Cape Bellingshausen and near Cape Rymnik. 

 However that part of the region which I observed consists essentially of Tertiary, 

 Paleozoic, and Mesozoic rocks, with andesite and agglomerate both of a limited 

 extent. 



The pen.insular part ending at Cape Patience is described as a low hilly land, 

 gradually rising up to the region of the Flat Hill and Bratkofsk. Plat Bay 

 has a number of lakes on the back ground, which is extremely low. Beyond the 

 bay. there extend low coast-hills and terraces, forming the margin of high 

 mountains of the interior, which consist, near the 50th. Parallel, entirely of Palseozoic 

 rocks. In the Palaeozoic region, there are man}' peaks to be observed from a steamer 

 running off the coast. The Tiara, which name is found in nearly all maps of 

 Sakhalin, close to the 50^. can not be easily distinguished from the other equally 

 high points round it. by looking at the Chart of Sakhalin or the original work of 

 Krusenstern, who first named it. 



The coast-cliffs between Cape Patience and Xarumi seldom fall directly 

 into a deep sea-water. That part of the coast still remaining unobserved can 

 probably be easih- examined by geologists going on foot along the sea-beach, and 

 no ri\er of great depth will be met with on his route. For this part we must now 

 be contented mostK' with our observations from the steamer Daireimaru. which 

 ran last year very close to the coast line. 



The swell of the sea is constantK' present on the coast to the north of Cape 

 Patience, and consequently the sandy beaches fall into the rumbling sea-water by 

 low but abruft slopes. Besides, almost all the rivers are said to have a very 

 shallow opening to let fishers' boats in at the time of storms. Thus the rivers 



