22 # ffi— ^15 ^^i] 7 7 1> tls 5C p^ M 



No peaks in Sakhalin seem to attain the snow Hne. The snow, which we 

 found remaining in summer in valleys of the Paleozoic mountains on the 50th. 

 Parallel all melted away in the same year. 



Alpine plants are found not only on ridges of high mountains, but occur also 

 on tundras and even on sea-coasts. In Sakhalin, where plants of different zones 

 occur together along hill-slopes and beaches, it must have been a great task for 

 Schmidt to subdivide the zones of vegetation. 



The Island of Kaibato. 



This island lies alone in the sea to the west of Moiretomari on the west coast 

 of Sakhalin. From this place, the Ainu pass on their small boats to the island, on 

 calm days in the proper season, to hunt sea-mammals. I myself observed only 

 the eastern side of the island. The Kaibato consists of andesites, agglomerates, 

 and the Tertiary rocks, tuffs, shales, and sandstones. The eruptives are found as 

 sheets and dykes. The coast line is everywhere rugged with reefs, and high cliffs 

 often with waterfalls. The mountains however show gentle slopes, which are 

 mostly grown with grasses. The sea abounds in isolated rocks, on which sea-lions 

 are sometimes found in crowds. Hence the name Kaibato, Todojima, and Todo- 

 moshiri, all meaning the " island of sea-lions." No crater-shaped topography is 

 observed in new maps of the island, prepared after actual surveys. 



IV. On the Annexed Geological Map. 



The annexed geological map, on which my own routes are entered, is (ov the 

 greater part a miniature copy of Kawasaki's geological map, compiled in 1 907. 

 Among the changes, which I made in the geology, the most important are those on 

 the region of the 50th. Parallel, and on that of the lakes, Tunnaicha, Chipesani, 

 Wawaito, and Busse. 



Only a little part of the latter region was observed by KatayAMA, whose 

 observations were used by KAWASAKI in making the whole region Quaternary. The 

 northern coast facing the Okhotsk sea, and the southern facing Aniwa bay 

 were observed, besides the locality of coal on the west side of the northen basin of 

 the twin lake of Chipesani. But he did not see the shores of the Tunnaicha lake, 

 as we judge from his descriptions, nor the interior of the mountains on the sides of 

 these four lakes. 



I found the whole northwest shore of the Tunnaicha lake to consist of Tertiary 

 rocks. The land is found very low, between the southern shore of this lake and 

 the northern shore of the northern basin of Chipesani, which one crosses 



