7(i TIMliKK PINES OK THE SOUTICEBN UNITED STATES. 



witliDiit (listiiictiiiii, no lifjures can be jijiveii of its annual con.suitipliDn, nor is it possible to t'orm 

 eviMi an a|)i)ro.\iinate estimate of the standing supplies. The old tind)er ffoes, of our.se, as fast 

 as that of the Longleaf Pine, but in its rei)roilu(;tion it outstrijis the latter. Wliercver in the 

 coast plain the original growth of the Longleaf Pine has been removed, the Cuban J'ine takes, in a 

 great measure, jjossession of the ground, in some localities associated with the Loblolly Pine. 

 Young forests in every stage of grf>wth are seen covering tra<'ts of greater or lesser extent, 

 promising important supplies of resinous products, timber, and fuel. 



As a timber tree the Cuban PiTie is little interior to the Longleaf Pine. It furnishes sticks of 

 largt' dimensions free from blemish, rivaling in that res[>ect that superior variety of tiie Loblolly 

 Pine called llo.semary Pine, and there is no doubt that it was often confounded with this tree in 

 the shipments of masts and long si)ars made in former years from the southern Atlantic and eastern 

 (lulf ports. In the lumber mills on the Atlantic Coast the timljcr of this tree is indiscriminately 

 sawn and shipped with that of the Longleaf Pii.e. 



It remains yet to be proved whether the coarser structure of the wood of the (Jiiban I'ine 

 would render it less durable. It is certain, however, that this v(!ry cause, which iriiglit interfere 

 with its resistance to atmospheric, influences or to contact with the soil, will be found an advantage 

 if the preservation of the timber is to bo secure<l by its imi)regnation with antisei)fic solutions, 

 mor<' open structure perndtting readier infiltration. 



HfHinons products. — This pine abounds in resinous matter. The oleoresin, resin, or ci-ude 

 turpentine, when freshly exuded, is perfectly limpid, of honey-yellow color, less viscid than the 

 resinous product of the Longleaf Pine, and to all appearances richer in volatile oil or spirits of 

 tnriieiitine. Judging bythe smaller amouiitof hard gum or scrape formed on the tree. A sanijileof 

 the dip of the first year from South Carolina was to all appearance exposed for a short time in the 

 box to atmospheric influences. Exanuued by Prof. E. Kremers, University of AVisconsin, the resin 

 showed an emulsion-like appearance and separated upon standing into heavier granules aii(l into a 

 lighter, transparent, yellowish liiiuid. Its specific gravity at 20^ C. was found 1.0253. D=32.42.'{o 

 (deternnned in 1G.2G per cent alcoholic solution). Distilled with water, the sample yielded KJ per 

 cent of oil of the s])ecific gravity O.SCj (2(P C). I) = 0.r,20. 



In view of the rapiil destruction of the forests of Longleaf Pine, the iirincijial source of resin, 

 the future importance of the Cuban Pine in the production of naval stores becomes at once 

 apparent, especially when it is considered that it reprocbices itself so much more readily. I'lvini 

 now, on the (;oast of South Carolina and (ieorgia, a large proportion of resinous products is derived 

 from the young growth of this pine, which, after the removal of the original timber growth, took 

 possession of the ground. It is claimed by the turpentine gatherers in these States that at an age 

 of from thirty to fmty years the trees are sufficiently large for tapj)ing with advantage, and that 

 protected against fire a spontaneous renewal takes place, and after a period of forty years the new 

 crop is ready for profitable exploitation. 



In Washington (bounty, Ala., on the more or less extensive flats that intervene between the 

 low ridges covered with Longleaf Pine, the Cuban Pine furnish(!S considerable supplies of crude 

 turi)entine of sujierior (luality. In this section the tree is known under the mime of Spruce Pine, 

 a misnomer, leading to its confusion with an entirely difJ'erent tree, the true Southern Spruce Pine 

 (I'inus glabra). 



CLASSIFICATION AXU NOMEXCLATUUK. 



rinus hrttrophyllii is closely allied t<» the Longleaf Pine, forming wit ii this and two other species 

 inhabiting the nearest troi)ical regions — Cuba and Mexico— under the subgenus pinaster, a natural 

 group of trees with heavy resinous wood, rigid long leaves from two to five in a sheath, and 

 snbterminalor lateral, horizontal or reflexed cones, designateil by Englemann as the grouj) of the 

 Euaustrales, or longleaf pines. First distinguished by Pilliott as rinits ttida xnv.hitcrophylhi and 

 remaining subsequently unknown for more than fifty years, the specifics characters of this jiine were 

 first recognized and fully described by Dr. I'iiigelmann, who in honor of its discoverer tlistingitished 

 the tree under the name of rinun clUottii, liudiug himself soon afterwards couviuced of the identity 



