18 



THE WHITE PIXE. 



From the ligures. to which about JO per cent must be addeil for shiuglea, laths, etc., it appears 

 that the yearly output did not reach 4 billiou feet until IST'.t, and that the greatest increase in the 

 cut occurred between isTH anil 1SS2, when the Tbillion mark was reached. Tliis enormous cut 

 continued until the /general Inisiness depression of 1S94 called a temporary halt. In Minnesota, 

 pine lumbering began on the St. Groix and did not reach conspicuous dimensions until during the 

 eighties, when the regions along the upper Mississippi, as well as the 1 )uluth district, were opened. 

 This jirogress westward is well illustrated by the following figures, wliich show the percentage of 

 the total cut of lumber alone from period to period, by districts: 



Percentage of total cut of himlur, 1S73 to ISUH, by diatricta. 



Districts. 



Lumber cut. 



1873 



1880 



Sneinnw district ami mills nlong railways in soutbcrn 

 peiiinsiiln of Miclii^nn 



Purls about Lake Michigan, including those of Green j 

 Hav 



District west of Chicago, that is, most of the mills in | 

 Wisconsin and Minnesota 



Per cent. 



30 

 34 



Per cent. 

 31 

 3'.' 

 37 



1885 



1800 



1806 



Per cent. 



28 

 45 



Per cent. 

 24 

 28 

 48 



Per cenf. 

 16 

 26 

 58 



In this connection the White Pine trade of St. Louis presents an interesting illustration. The 

 first pine lumber was received from Pittsburg in ISIO, and this point leiiiiiined the principal 

 source of supplies for years. In 184.3 a boom on the St. Croix Eiver broke and the liberated logs 

 were gathered antl rafted to St. Louis, where they were sawn. In 18.">() the first regular raft of 

 Wisconsin logs was brought to the city. In ]S.").3 Sdiuleiibeig and lioeckler built a large sawmill 

 on the St. Croix, and from this time on rafts of sawed White Pine were sent to St. Louis from the 

 northern rivers. 



The receipts of White Pine at St. Louis were: In LS.J3, about 00 million feet: in ISSl'. about 

 102 million feet. Similarly the lumber trade of the city of Chicago, the greatest lumber market 

 in the United States, if not in the world, illustrates well the development of the White Pine 

 lumber industry. In LS47 only 32 million feet of White Pine lumber Mere received. The annual 

 receipts at intervals of ten vears since 18.5.5 to 189.5 were as follows: 



Feet. 



1855 .30(5,000,000 



1865 647.145,734 



1875 1,153,715,432 



1885 1.744,892,000 



1895 1, 637, 3«), 000 



The receipts reached their maximum in 1892 with 2,203,874,000 feet, and the heavy diminution 

 since that date is not greater than would be accounted for by the general business depression 

 throughout the country. 



In Canada, as in Xew England, the exploitation of White I'ine began almost with the first 

 settlement. Logs, hewn timbei's, and especially .ship spars, were exported in early days, and of 

 late years an extensive trade in .sawn lumber, as well as saw logs, has sprung up between that 

 country and the United States. Since reliable statistics of the lumber output of this region are 

 wanting, the following figures for the dues on crown timber in Ontario and Quebec must suffice to 

 illustrate the development of the indu.stry: 



Jrtrayv annual dnea on croun timber for Untario and Quebec. 



1826-1834 $24,000 



18:i5-18.51 82,000 



18.52-1857 122,000 



1858-1866 168,000 



1867-1881 450,000 



The export into the United States for 1894, the heaviest year, was: Lumber, 1,15.5 million 

 feet (Pine and Spruce); i)ine logs, 277,917,000 feet, or less than 1.^ billion feet B. M. 



Though scattering White Pine occurs in all provinces of ea.stern Canada, large bodies of 

 merchantable timber are only to be found on the upper waters of the Ottawa, and on the shores 



