30 



THE WHITE I'lNE. 



Xii. 9. Level grounil. soil heavy Innm. somewlint sbaili'il. 



Ko. 10. From olil pasture afliT one year's tillngi"; 5 feet from No. 6: bore conei. 



No. 11. old pasture, mui shallo^v, gravelly loam on compact Hiihsoil of sand; jdne mixed with Hemlock, Oak, and Maple. 

 No. 12. On sligUt incline to north; soil nearly 3 inches from similar tree, with others quite near; crowded. 

 No. 13. Level gronnd, soil heiivy loam, somewhat shaded. 



Noa. 14-10. Old pasture, soil shallow, gravelly loam on comjiact subsoil of saod; pine mixed with Hemlock, Oak, and Maple. 

 No. IT. Isolated; lost leailer six years previous, apparently through leader worm. 

 No. 18. Level ground, soil heavy loam, somewhat shaded. 



Ko. 19. With No. 12; lost leader live years previous by leader worm: nearest neighbors 2. 5, and 10 feet, reepectlvely. 

 No. 20. Level ground, soil heavy loam, somewhat shaded. 



No8. 21-2C. ( )ld pasture, Boil shallow, gravelly loam on compact subsoil of sand ; pine mixed with Bemlock, t!lak. and Maple ; ground 

 slopes to west; all six trees, besides four others, within circle of 24 feet diameter: crown about 20 feet long. 



Concerning trees 1, 2, 5, <i, 7, 8, and 10 (Table II), -Mr. Uobbs sent the following interesting 

 comiuunicatiou, under date of .lauuary 11, 1887: 



All these trees wen- foiiiul in an old ])astiire adjoiuiug my land on tlii' north and havinj; Himilar aspect and soil. 

 A fringe of tall White Pine tiinbiT surrounds it on three sides, north, east, and south. The distance across this o]ien 

 land from north to south is about GO rods. This land has been in pasture from llfty to one hundred ye.'trs. It was 

 formerly thickly covered with moss, sweet fern, and other low-growing bushes, in the shade of which animals found 

 some grass. Although thus surrounded by tall pines their seeds siUlom sprung up. 



Not many years before tliese trees started a portion of this Ian<l was plowed and planted with ]iotatoes one year, 

 and then turned out to pasture again, wlieriui)"n young pines immediately sprung up. These were cut down first, 

 but they continued to come up so abundantly th;it they were allowed to grow, and now the patch that was planted 

 with potatoes is rjuite thickly covered, in many places too tliickly. with trees like those measured. This fact shows 

 the importance of turning up the soil so that the seeds that tail upon it may have a chance to taki' root. Only here 

 and there a seed will tind lodgment on land that is covered with moss and low-growing bushes, no matter how 

 abundantly seeds may be sown upon it. 



How such trees continue to grow is shown in Tabic III. From the measurements it ajipeavs 

 that a steady growth continues, which, by the hundredth year has brought the tree to a height of 

 near 100 feet. 



T.vliLK 111. — Miasitrements of llliitf Pint, yroirn on iiliandontd fields. 

 [Furnished by Mr. J. E. Uobbs, of North licrwick, Me.] 



Number of . 



tree. : ^S"- 



I 



Diam- i Biam- i t „.,«♦;. 



eter eter ^"^"f* 



I breast below „«^„„ 



high, i crown.] "'"^°- 



Length 



leader 



for last 



five 



years. 



Total 

 height. 



Height at — 



10 I SO 80 

 yrs, yrs. yrs. 



40 



yrs. 



60 I 60 

 yrs. yrs. 



1. 



2. 



3. 



4. 



5. 



6. 



7. 



8. 



9 

 10 

 U 

 12 

 13 

 14 

 15 

 16 



I r«or«.' Inche*. Inchet. Ft. In. Inchex. 



I 



58 

 59 

 61 

 64 

 70 

 82 

 84 

 85 

 85 

 87 

 87 

 108 

 109 

 117 

 122 

 123 



16 

 14i 



12i 

 15J 

 15i 



iij ; 



204 I 



23 ; 



18 



25 I 



19J 



32 



31 



29 



23 



13J 

 10} 



n 



10 

 llJ 

 8i 

 13 

 16} 

 12J 

 18 

 121 

 21 J 

 21 

 23 

 16 



50 

 3U 

 33 

 28 

 43 

 38 

 38 

 45 

 39 

 49 

 40 

 52 

 61 

 57 

 55 



24 



Ft. In. 

 80 10 

 67 



78 



70 2 



84 6 



91 1 

 100 8 



01 D 



92 7 

 104 10 



100 2 

 112 9 

 112 9 



101 10 

 107 5 



97 4 



Feet. 

 15 



I 12 



I 14J 



Feet. 

 28 

 20 

 25 

 24 

 30 



Feet. 



77 

 08 

 70S 



70 



yrs. 



80 



yrs. 



90 100 110 I ISO 



yrs. j yrs. j yrs. yrs. 



Feel. Feet. Feet. 



Only one log cut ; height at fifty -eight years, 64 ft.et 10 inches, 



39 

 28 

 26 

 28 < 

 35 

 39 I 



40 

 25 

 35 I 



841 |... 

 eight ve 



F4et. Feet. Feet. 



54 I 

 41 

 39 . 



47 ! 

 48 

 53 I 



48 

 36 

 52 1 



Not cut into sections. 



S5 

 49 



58 I 



62 

 62 



69 



70 



1961 

 96 



NOTES TO TABLE III. 



No. 1. North Berwick, Me. ; near foot of hill sloping to north ; growth, dense ; apparently abandoned farm land ; shallow, sandy soil. 



No. 2. South Berwick, Me.; thrifty second growth, in valley of Great Works Kiver; exhausted farm land on granitic formation^ 

 sand over 20 feet deep, well stocked with White Pine. 



No. 3. North Berwick, Me. ; near foot of hill sloping to north : growth, dense; apparently abandoned farm l.ind ; shallow, sandy soil. 



No. 4. North Berwick, Me. ; near foot of hill sloping to north ; growth, dense; apparently abandoneil farm laud ; shallow, siindy soil. 



No. 5. SiMith Berwick, Me.: thrifty second growth, iu valley of Great Works Itiver; exhausted farm land on granitic formation; 

 sand over 20 feet deep, well stocked with ^\'hite Tine. 



Nos. 6-16, North Berwick, Me. ; near foot of hill sloping to north; growth, dense: apparently abandoned farm land : shallow, sandy soil. 



DEVELOPMENT I.S" TIIK I'UREST. 



Ill the dense forest the same general law of development, namely, of slow and rapid stages, 

 prevails for dominant trees as is exemplified by the foregoing measurements of trees grown in 

 the field, although the quantitative progress varies somewhat. According to the relative amount 



