36 



THE WHITK PINE 



AREA ACCHETIliN. 



Wliilo the (liiimeter arcnHioii decreases in rate coiitimionsly after the juvenile staire, the 

 growth i)t' the areas or layer of wood correspondiug to the iliaiiieter increments follows by no 

 means the same course. 



After the Juvenile stajfe, wiiich is determined by the formation of a definite crown, and when 

 the diameter has attaineil at least <> inches the ciosssection area be{,nns to increase in arithmetical 

 progression; a constantly increasing rate jirevaila nntil a maximum is attained, whicii conies 

 between the sixtieth and one hundred and twentieth year, and then continues remarkalily uniform 

 for a long period. No decline is noticeal)le nntil alter tin; second century has begun. In codouiinant 

 anil opi)ressed trees tlie area as well as the diameter accretion move somewhat dillerently, the 

 maximum rate coming later and lasting a shorter time, the decline following .soon after the 

 maximum. 



FOHM DKVKUJI'MEXT, UK TAI'KH. 



Since size of crown and light conditions regulate the amount of diameter growth, it is evident 

 that trees with well-developed tree crowns form mine wood than those crowded, the dominant nuire 

 than the oppressed, and those on lawns more than those in the dense forest. Moreover, in these 

 latter the wood is ditlerently disposed along the trunk than in tlie former. Xot only do trees 

 grown in the open throw their energy into branch growth, but the accretion on the bole is laid on 

 in layers, increasing in width from top to base. Tlie result is a more rajiid taper than in forest- 

 grown trees, in which each annual layer is wider at the top than at the base of the tree, ])roducing 

 thereby a more cylindrical form. 



The following talile exhibits in the measurements of six trees this variation in the widtli of 

 the same annual rings at different heights, and also in general the mode of diameter growth in 

 these trees, ^lore elaborate tables, showing the diameter growth of White Pine at various heights 

 from the ground for dominant, codomlnaiit, and opiiressed trees in various parts of its range, 

 together with diagrams, will be found in the Apixnulix: 



IHamettr growth ii/J'oreet-gruwn treen at lurioua heiylitaj'rum ground. 



I Height . 



Width of I'iugs, in millimeters. 



of sec- gjngie groups of ten rings, beginning , Accumulative, by groiiiis of ten riuKs, beginning at 

 I •'"" at peripherj-. [ |)iTipliery. 



'ground. 



1 



Feet. 

 17 



49 



16 

 34 

 50 



18 

 ■it 



iU 

 66 



16 



42 



58 



14 ' 1<J 



15 21 

 19 28 

 27 58 



10 



14 16 



16 22 

 l!) 19 



11 I 13 



12 15 



13 17 



14 25 



13 26 



2U 24 



19 28 



20 33 



:l 



21 17 

 32 ' 28 

 39 I 27 



8 10 20 80 40 



13 I 18 I 22 L... 14 



....L.......I .-! 15 



19 



....I....'.. .'.... 27 



16 I 20 I 21 40 I 39 '....;....! 9 

 23 27 ■ 31 52 ....|....|....i 14 



25 87 40 I ....! 16 



32 ....l........i 19 



24 ! 35 



I 

 21 24 

 28 31 

 31 I 41 

 45 .... 



15 20 32 48 

 22 36 , 50 



39 I 39 '.... 



42 ........ 



24 28 



39 ....' 



18 19 

 34 23 

 50 24 

 66 25 I 

 t 

 18 13 

 42 13 , 

 58 13 

 70 I 16 



fiO 



25 I 27 I 28 26,31 35 1........ 19 44 



33 35 44 31 ....23 56 



34 I 34 40 24 58 



35 '.... .... 25 60 



18 21 



10 20 



21 22 



25 25 



86 ; 11 29 29 



21 24 25 21 21 ' 18 ' 13 



22 25 27 35 32 33 

 28 27 32 40 32 ... 

 32 , 35 I I |... 



31 

 13 32 

 13 34 



86 



71 1 88 

 06 130 

 113 i 



00 



80 00 100 



101 



55 I 

 80 

 100 



HI 

 140 



70 

 87 

 123 

 140 



84 108 

 103 142 

 119 155 



125 

 135 i 166 

 132 1 



lie 



163 



119 141 



155 



90 1?2 I 170 

 123 173 

 162 1 



136 177 

 170 



156 191 



52 73 1 97 



52 , 74 ! 99 



56 82 1 lOII 



66 OS 133 



122 143 

 128 101 

 141 181 



164 

 193 

 213 



182 

 216 



Age of 

 tree. 



Tears. 



> 115 



105 



185 



From snch tabulations the taper, factor of shape, or form factor, may be derived (see Tables 

 II and V in Appendix;, which denotes the deviation of the shape of the tree from a cylinder. 

 This factor varies between 0.40 for the older trees and larger diameters to 0..J0 for younger and 



