Ilitchcock — 77/r Grasses of I!(i:^utii 169 



awned below tlie apex, the second Ijearinj^- a strong, lient, scarcely exserled, awn near its base 

 (fig-- 57)- 



Pastures at medium altitudes; introduced. Originally described from 

 Europe. 



Molokai : Central part, Hitchcock 15170. I'apaaloa, l-'urbes 96. 

 Hawaii: Kukaiau Ranch, Hitchcock 14212. 



31. PHALARIS L. 



Spikelets laterally compressed, with i terminal perfect floret and 2 sterile lemmas below, 

 disarticnlating above the glumes, arranged in usually dense spikelike panicles; glumes equal, 

 boat-shaped, often winged on the keel; sterile lemmas reduced to 2 small scales (rarely only i) ; 

 fertile lemma coriaceous, shorter than the glumes, inclosing the faintlv 2-nervcd i)alea. Annual 

 or perennial erect grasses, with flat blades. 



Plants perennial; about i meter tall j. P. californica. 



Plants annual, mostly less than 50 cm. tall. 



Spikelets in groups of 7, i fertile surrounded by 6 sterile 2. P. paradoxa. 



Spikelets single, all alike ^5 P. minor. 



1. Phalaris californica Hook & .\rn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 161. 1841. 



Plants perennial ; culms erect or somewhat geniculate at base, alx)ut i meter tall ; l)lades 

 f^at, rather lax, 6 to 12 mm. wide; panicle ovoid or oblong, 3 to 5 cm. long, 1.5 to 2.5 cm. thick, 

 often purplish tinged; glumes about 6 to 7 mm. long, narrow, gradually narrowed from below 

 the middle to an acute apex, smooth or slightly scabrous on the keel, the lateral nerves somewhat 

 nearer the margin than the keel ; fertile lemma ovate-lanceolate, about 4 mm. long, rather sparsely 

 villous, often exposing the palea, the sterile lemmas about i nnn. long (fig. 58). 



Wet places; probably introchiced. Originally described from California. 

 Maui : Haleakala, east part of crater, Hitchcock 14999. 



2. Phalaris paradoxa L. Sp. PI. ed. 2. 2:1665. 1763. 



Plants annual ; culms cespitose, more or less spreading at base, 30 to 50 cm. tall ; panicle 

 dense, oblong, narrowed at base, 2 to 5 cm. long, often inclosed in the uppermost enlarged 

 sheath ; spikelets iinally falling from the axis in groups of 7, the central fertile, nearly sessile, 

 the others sterile, slender-pediceled ; glumes of sterile spikelets narrow, with faint lateral nerves, 

 the keel prominently winged above, the wing extending into a more or less well-marked tooth, the 

 apex of the glume narrowed into an acuminate point or awn, the glumes of the 4 outer sterile 

 spikelets in the lower part of the panicle more or less deformed ; glumes of the fertile central 

 spikelet lanceolate, 6 to 8 mm. long including the awn, the lateral nerves prominent, the wing 

 on the keel wider and toothed near summit, the apex of the glume narrowed into an awn 

 about 2 mm. long; fertile lemma smooth and shining, 3 mm. long, the sterile lemmas obsolete. 



Weed along road ; introduced. Originally described from Europe. 

 Oahu: Nuuanu Pali, Hitchcock 13780. 



3. Phalaris minor Retz. Obs. Bot. 3:8. 1783. 



Plants annual; culms erect, 30 to 50 cm. tall; panicle ovate-oblong, 1.5 to 5 cm. long; 

 glumes oblong, 4 to 6 mm. long, strongly winged on the keel, the green stripes on the glumes 

 rather prominent, the wing scabrous on the margin and more or less toothed ; fertile lemma ovate, 

 acute, villous, about 3 mm. long, the sterile lemma solitary, about i mm. long. 



[71] 



