202 MciiKiirs Bcrnicc P. Bishop Museum ' 



hranchins. creeping, shade-loving annuals or perennials, with erect tlowering shoots, Hat, thin 

 lanceolate or ovate blades, and several one-sided, thickisli. short spikes rather distant on a 

 main axis. 

 1. Oplismenus hirtellus (I..) lieanv. I'.ss. Aj^rost. 54, if)S. 1812. 



Paniciiiii hirlcUum L. Syst. Xat. ed. 10. 2:870. 1750. 



I'laiUs perennial, branching, creeping and rooting, tlie I'erlilc culms ascending, jo U) 40 cm. 

 lung, glabrous; sheaths glabrous or appresscd ])ubescent, villous on the margin, the surface in 

 some plants hirsute; blades lancefdatc, acuminate, commonly somewhat asymmetric at base, 

 S to 10 cm. long, 8 to 17 mm. wide. thin, more or less hi.spid on upper surface, hispid or glab- 

 rous beneath; panicle mostly 7 to 15 cm. long, the axis scabrous, or hispidulous above, some- 

 times pilose-hispid on the angles above; racemes several, ascending or a])i)ressed, the lowermost 

 distant, 2 to 4 cm. long, the others successively shorter and closer together, the racliis hispidulous 

 at base and with long stiff whitish hairs, above the base scabrous and hispidulous with here and 

 there long .stiff hairs intermixed; spikelets approximate, more or less clustered along the rachis ; 

 first and second glumes about two-thirds as long as the spikelet, more or less appressed-hispidu- 

 lous. 3 to 5-nerved. slightly tnuicate or emarginate at the apex, extending into a smooth terete 

 purplish awn, the first 5 to 10 mm. long, the second reaching about to the end of the spikelet; 

 sterile lemma broad, several-nerved, hispidulous like the glumes, apiculate <ir short-awned, 

 3 to 4 mm. long, the palea narrow, more than half as long as the leninia, sometimes inclosing 

 stamens; fruit alx)ut 2.5 mm. long (fig. 93). 



Hillebraiicl refers the Hawaiian species to O. coiiipositus sylralicus and cites 

 as a synonym O. oahiiciisis Nees. The latter is a nonicn miditin. It was listed by 

 Steiidel '■ as a svnonyni of Paiiicuiii oaliucnsc ( Stend. Ins. Oahua ) which also is a 

 nonicn nudum. 



This species differs from O. coiiipositus (L. ) Dcauv. in the shorter racemes 

 with more compactly arranged spikelets. It may have been introduced into ilie 

 Hawaiian islands from tropical America where it is common. 



Rain forest and shady slopes. Originally described from Jamaica. 

 Kauai : Wailua Falls, Forbes 495, 497. 

 Oahu: Mountains east of Schofield Barracks, Hitchcock 14035; Nuuanu Pali. 



Hitchcock 13776. T4057; W'aialae Valley. Forbes 1951. Valley behind 



Honolulu, collector unknown, probably \\'ilkes Expl. Exped. Tantalus, 



Heller 2061. Kaala Mountains, Wilkes Expl. Exped. (Gray Herbarium). 

 Without locality, Hillebrand 484; Mann eS: Rrigham 20: Seeman 2248 (Gray 



Herbarium). 

 Molokai: Pukoo, Hitchcock 15041. 

 Maui: Lahaina, Hitchcock 14878, 14879. 

 Hawaii: Honaunau, Hitchcock I45-14- P"" Waawaa, Hitchcock 14479. Hilo, 



Hitchcock 14199; Newell in 1917. Without locality, Remy 104 (Gray 



Herbarium). 



40. ECHINOCHLOA Beauv. 



Spikelets plano-convex, often stiffly hispid, subsessile, .solitary or in irregular clusters on 

 one side of the panicle branches; first glume ab^ut half the length of the spikelet. pointed ; second 

 gluine and sterile lemma equal, pointed, mucronate, or the glume short-awned and the lemina 

 long-awned. in some species conspicuously so, inclosing a membranaceous palea and in .some species 

 a staminate flower; fertile lemma plano-convex, smooth and shining, acuminate-pointed, the 



'* Stcudel, Ernst G., Xoniciirl.itur liol.-micus. 2d cd., Vol. 2, p. 2fx), 1841. 



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