EDUCATION, AS IT IS AND AS IT SHOULD BE. 71 



does this demonstrate ? Why simply, as before stated, the impotency 

 of individual authority and the necessity of a science. I therefore 

 hope that we shall hear no longer of Pestalozzian masters and sys- 

 tems, and that these will give place to phrenological masters and sys- 

 tems. Pestalozzi himself, by the excellence of his organization, was 

 enabled to succeed in his profession, but he could not inspire others 

 with the same insight into the human mind as he himself possessed, 

 even by the clearest exposition of his views, while Phrenology places 

 a key to the mind in every one's hand. The very terms used by Pes- 

 talozzi were, in some instances, liable to mislead. Thus, a favourite 

 term of his was " the heart." Now what is meant by this word ? I 

 never yet heard a definition of it, and without a clear understanding 

 of the woids we use we shall be liable to perpetual misapprehension. 

 The Greeks supposed the mind to reside in the heart ; hence the fre- 

 quent use of the word in the New Testament. The Jews imagined 

 that the stomach was the seat of mental manifestation, and hence we 

 find such expressions as " bowels of compassion." But the most 

 splendid discovery ever made has clearly proved that the mind does not 

 reside in the stomach or in the heart, but in the brain. It may be 

 said that those who use the word heart do not suppose that the mind 

 really resides in that part, but simply do so from thoughtlessness or 

 habit. But the other day, hearing some one speak of another as 

 wanting a " bold heart," I said that the heart had nothing to do with 

 boldness or timidity, when he answered, " Then how is it that the 

 heart beats violently when we are frightened ?" This clearly shows 

 that he had been led away by this erroneous expression ; and I have 

 no doubt there are numbers who have some vague idea that the heart 

 is connected with various mental feelings. Again, the word is used 

 in very difierent significations. One will talk of an afTectionate 

 heart, thus attributing to that part the functions of Adhesiveness ; 

 another uses the expression " a stout heart," meaning a person with 

 small Cautiousness and large Combativeness ; while Pestalozzi, I 

 believe, used the term to designate the moi-al organs of Conscientious- 

 ness, Veneration, and Benevolence. Thus we see what an endless 

 confusion is caused by the erroneous use of one expression ! I, 

 therefore, hope that the world will join with the phrenologists in dis- 

 carding an expression originally founded in ignorance, and which is 

 calculated to continue the same. Surely every one must agree that 

 it is a much grander and more appropriate idea that the mind is en- 

 throned on the top, as if marking its dignified office of commander- 

 in-chief of the whole body. 



