On the Glaciers of the Himalaya. 109 



centre. At the head of the Pindui' is one of the glaciers I 

 am about to describe : the other gives rise to the Kuphinee, 

 the first considerable affluent of the Pindur. 



The Pindur and Kuphinee, rising on opposite sides of the 

 peak called Nunda Kot, unite about 7 miles south of it. A 

 small tolerably level space between them, close to their con- 

 fluence, is called Diwalee. The lower end of the glacier of 

 the Pindur is about 8 miles, and that of the glacier of the 

 Kuphinee about 6 miles above this place. 



The valley of the Pindur, at the termination of the glacier, 

 is about a mile across between the precipitous mountains 

 that bound it. From the foot of the rocks on either side its 

 bottom slopes inward with a moderate inclination, leaving in 

 the middle a hollow about 300 yards wide and 250 feet deep^ 

 with very steep banks, at the bottom of Vv'hich flows the river. 

 This comparatively level space, between the central hollow 

 in which the river runs and the precipitous sides of the valley, 

 its surface running nearly parallel with the present bed of 

 the river, but from 200 to 300 feet above it, can be distinctly 

 seen for a mile or more below the end of the glacier. The 

 plateau itself, as well as the steep banks between it and the 

 bed of the river, are considerably cut up by water-courses 

 running across them from the sides of the valley, but every- 

 where they have an almost perfectly rounded outline. 



The whole of the bottom of the valley is covered with gi'ass, 

 or those species of plants that gx'ow in these elevated regions, 

 excepting where beds of snow, rocks, or the debris of the 

 mountains interrupt the vegetation. 



The glacier occupies about two-thirds of the whole breadth 

 of the head of this valley, leaving between itself and the cliffs 

 on the east an open grassy slope, which extends l^^ng^he foot 

 of the moraine for upwards of a mile and a half above the 



" Jwar" or " Jooliar," is the name of a district (Purgunnah) which consists of 

 the upper part of the valley of tlie Cioree River. Nuuda Devee is on the 

 boundary of this district, and has been erroneously named after it in many 

 maps, the word " Joohar" being never applied to designate this ^laj-ticu/ar^H'a/i-, 

 though the portion of the range in vvliich it is has undoubtedly bcou called the 

 Mounti.'.iii! of Jouhuf, 



