116 On the Glaciers of the Himalaya. 



direction of the structural lines was in no degree parallel to 

 the sides of the glacier, but much more nearly perpendicular 

 to them. The precise contrary of this was observed by Pro- 

 fessor Forbes, under apparently similar circumstances, in the 

 Glacier du Talefre, in the Alps. 



From the foot of the fall, the surface of the glacier was 

 on the whole very even, though its slope downwards was very 

 considerable. It still had remaining, on its upper half, a good 

 deal of unmelted snow, which was disagreeable to walk over, 

 as it was seldom strong enough to make us indifferent to 

 what was under it. 



The main glacier is joined by two small tributaries on the 

 east, and by one on the west ; all are highly inclined, and 

 bring down considerable quantities of debris. The moraines 

 are altogether confined to the sides of the glacier, though 

 many small stones are scattered over every part of the ice. 

 Here, as in the glacier of the Pindur, the protection given by 

 the moraines to the ice on the sides, raises them greatly, and 

 leaves a deep hollow in the middle of the glacier at its end. 

 The crevasses here also are most strongly marked near the 

 sides, and are inclined at an angle of about 45" from the 

 longitudinal axis, downwards. The structure of the ice is in 

 all respects precisely as was seen in the Pindur glacier. I 

 am unable to offer any decided opinion as to whether these 

 glaciers have ever varied considerably from their present 

 limits. During the very short period of my visit to these 

 regions, I saw no direct evidence of it. The shepherds who 

 take their flocks to the pastures in the valleys near the 

 glaciers during the summer months, (for there are no fixed 

 habitations within 14 or 15 miles of them), have no idea of 

 any motion in the glacier, but say, that they suppose the ends 

 of them to be gradually receding. Their statements are, how- 

 ever, of a vei-y vague nature, and, as far as I could judge, are 

 founded on their views of what ought to be, rather than what 

 really is. Some very decided change in the state of things 

 is however certainly indicated by the long plateaux, which I 

 before mentioned, running for a mile or two below the 

 pi'esent terminations of both glaciers, nearly parallel to the 

 rivers, but several hundred feet above them. I consider it to 



