Malayan and Polynesian Languages and Faces. 169 



verted into aju, by the loss of the first consonant, and the con- 

 version of the second, which does not belong to the Wugi, into 

 j. Ltitut, the knee, and kuUt, skin or rind, become, in Wugi, 

 utii, and uli, by the loss both of their initial and final conso- 

 nants. Cdrmiji, a mirror, becomes ca)ni, by the change of a 

 for a, the elision of the r, which would not be followed by an- 

 other consonant without the intervention of a vowel, and the 

 elision of the final consonant, which is one that could not end 

 a word. 



The same inference of a foreign origin is, I think, to be 

 deduced from the nature of the Malay and Javanese words 

 found in Wugi. Among these there are 240 nouns, 85 ad- 

 jectives, and 85 verbs. Am.ong the 52 pronouns of the Bugis, 

 I can discover but three that can be suspected Malay or 

 Javanese. In 69 adverbs, I find three only that are of these 

 languages ; and out of 16 conjunctions, and 26 prepositions, 

 there is but one of each that belongs to them. 



The languages of the Philippine islands form a peculiar 

 group, diff'ering very essentially from the Malay and Javanese 

 languages. Several of those of the great island of Lucon 

 have received a large amount of culture, and, like the prin- 

 cipal languages of the western portion of the archipelago, 

 are written tongues, with a peculiar and distinct alphabet. 



This alphabet, the same for all the languages, has five 

 vowels — a,e,i,o,n; and 4 diphthongs — at, ao, au, and id; 

 with sixteen consonants, besides the aspirate, viz., b, d,g,j, 

 k, I, ni, n, n, h,p, r, t, w, y. Of the vowels, therefore, it wants 

 the d of the Malay and Javanese, while it possesses two diph- 

 thongs, which these have not. Among the consonants, it has 

 all those of the Malayan languages except the sound c, and 

 the palatal 'd and t. 



Words or syllables, in tlie Philippine languages, may begin 

 with the asj)irate, but not end with it, which is exactly the 

 reverse of wliat obtains in the Malay and Javanese. 



In the Philippine languages words may end, and very ge- 

 nerally do, in consonants, as obtains in the Malay and Java- 

 nese, but contrary to the usual practice of the languages of 

 the neighbouring island of Celebes. No consonant coalesces 



