Malayan and Polynesian Languages and liaces. 171 



mar, is of considerable complexity, and lias several conjuga- 

 tions. Its moods and passive fox'ms are composed by auxi- 

 liaries, but its tenses by inseparable prefixes. One portion 

 only of the Pampanga verb resembles the Malay and Java- 

 nese, or, at least, one form of these. This is the verbal noun, 

 which is formed by the afl&x an, added to the root. 



In order to find the proportion of Malayan words in the 

 Philippine languages, I have carefully gone over two dic- 

 tionaries of the most prevalent of them, the Tagala and 

 Bisaya of Lucou,* the last of which has spread to Magindanau 

 and the Sulu group. 



The Tagala Dictionary contains above 12,000 words, but 

 excluding compounds about 7700. Of these 77 are Malay, 

 20 are Javanese, and 156 are common to these two languages. 

 This makes the whole number of Malayan words 253, which 

 gives the proportion of about 33 in 1000. The Tagala Dic- 

 tionary contains also 24 Avords of Sanscrit, which, I have no 

 doubt, found their way into the language through the Ma- 

 layan tongue. 



The Bisaya Dictionary contains 9000 words, of which 72 

 are Malay, 17 Javanese, and 197 are common to those lan- 

 guages, making, in all, 286 Malayan words, or about 30 in 

 1000 — a proportion not very different from that of the Ta- 

 gala. The Bisaya contains also Sanscrit words, but I can 

 find only 13. 



The Malayan and Javanese words introduced into the two 

 Philippine languages have often undergone great corruptions, 

 both in sound and sense. Thus, the word bdli, " to buy," in 

 Malay, is written UU in Tagala, and is interpreted " price,'' 

 or " cost." Buna, in Malay, is " a flower" or " blossom," 

 and in Tagala it is " fruit." Pintu, in Malay and Javanese, 

 is a " door" or " gate ;" but in Tagala, written ^into, it means 

 " a house." Lubah, in Malay, is a " hole," " aperture, or 

 " pit ;" and in Tagala, written lubun, it signifies " interment," 

 and " a grave." Utan, in Malay, means " a forest" or 

 " wild ;" but in Tagala, " foliage" and " verdure." 



* Vocabulario de la lengua Tagala conipuesta por N. H. Fray Domingo do 

 l08 Santos. Fol. Tagaleas, 1703. Vocabulario de la lengua Bisaya por cl H. 

 Ji. ilatheo Sanches. Fol. Manila, 1711. 



