190 Mr Crawfurd on the 



their own peculiar languages wholly different from the Ma- 

 lay,* 



The evidence for the agency of the Javanese, as its influ- 

 ence was less, is less palisable, but still sufficient. The Ja- 

 vanese had settled in various 'parts of Sumatra ; and at Pa- 

 lembang in that island, their language still subsists entire, 

 while through monuments, inscriptions, and names of places, 

 it is to be traced in other parts of that island. 



Similar evidence, althoiigh less complete, exists of their 

 settlements in Borneo ; and there is historical record of those 

 made by them in the Moluccas, as well as of their predatory 

 expeditions and commerce to the Malay Peninsula. The 

 Javanese language, however, less euphonious than the Malay, 

 more prolix and more difficult, was never employed as the 

 common medium of communication ; and it is not improba- 

 ble that, even in their own especial settlements, it gave way 

 to the Malay. 



In its immediate neghbourhood, the influence of the Ja- 

 vanese has naturally been greater on the surrounding lan- 

 guages than that of the Malay. Thus, in the Sumdnap, 

 one of the two languages of Madura, there are, in 1000 words, 

 170 exclusively Javanese, and only 103 exclusively Malay. 

 In the Bali, there are 127 Javanese, and 69 Malay : and in 

 the Sunda of Java, 156 of Javanese, and only 44 of Malay. 



As soon as we cross the narrow strait that divides Suma- 

 ti'a from Java, the proportions are reversed, although we 

 find still a large amount of Javanese words. In 1000 words 

 of Lampung we have 138 exclusively Malay, and 70 exclu- 

 sively Javanese. 



I should remark that the numerals, when they diff'er in 

 Malay and Javanese, are, even in the remote languages, al- 

 most always those peculiar to the Javanese, and not to the 

 Malay. These numerals are, 3, 7, 8, and 9 ; and the Mala- 

 gasi, the Philippine tongues, and the Polynesian, with many 

 intermediate languages, afford examples of this. 



The different means of propagation now specified will I 

 think, be sufficient to account for the facts, that such a lan- 



* Prima Viaggio interuo al globo terraqueo. Milano, 1800. 



