198 Mr Crawfurd oi the 



the Marianne group, also to the north of the line, and by 50° 

 of longitude nearer to the Archipelago, had neither the hog 

 nor dog, and probably not even the common fowl. On the 

 other hand, the common fowl, in the wild, but not the domes- 

 ticated state, was found in the Pelew Islands, on the same 

 side of the equator.* 



The objections to the hypothesis which some have main- 

 tained that the hog and dog may have been introduced by 

 European shipping, in comparatively modern times, are, that 

 there is no record of any such event down to the time of 

 Cook — that the varieties of the animals in question are dif- 

 ferent from any known European varieties — that they are 

 the same throughout — that the names of the animals are 

 neither European, nor have reference to a European or other 

 foreign origin ; but that, on the contrai'v, they are native. 

 and the same throughout, wherever the Polynesian language 

 is spoken, New Zealand alone excepted, in so far as con- 

 cerns one animal, the dog. 



The Marianne Islands, when discovered, were found des- 

 titute of nearly all the domesticated animals. The Span- 

 iards introduced the ox, the horse, the ass, deer, goats, the 

 dog, the hog, and the cat, some of which have since returned 

 to a state of nature. Here we have evidence of foreign, and 

 even of European introduction. The cat is called keto or 

 gheto^ evidently a corruption of the Castilian (jato ; and the 

 dog is called by a compound epithet, meaning " foreign 

 animal.'' t There is nothing like such evidence, historical 

 or philological, in the languages of the Pacific. 



I shall conclude with a brief recapitulation of the results 

 at which I have arrived in this essay. 



The races of raen referred to in the inquiry do not consist, 

 as commonly supposed, of one brown-complexioned, and one 

 negro race, but of several of both. 



The inhabitants of Madagascar are Africans, and wholly 

 distinct from all the inhabitants of the Malay Archipelago 

 or Pacific. 



*•' Freyciuet, Voyage autour du Monde; Wilson's Account of the Pelew Islands. 

 t Ibid. 



