36 Transactions British Mycological Soctety. 
as Cephalosporium Lecanit. It is known to occur in Java, Ceylon, 
and India. In Ceylon, it has been found on several species of 
Lecanium, but it is especially common on Lecanium viride, the 
common scale insect pest of coffee. Indeed, during the rainy 
seasons, Lecanium viride appears to be invariably attacked by 
this fungus. Recently, it has been found to attack Icerya 
Purchasi in Ceylon, and up to the present it appears to have 
effectively controlled that insect. 
Similarly, Hyalopus Yvonis Dop (1905) is said* to have con- 
trolled an Aspidiotus which was causing great damage to 
coco-nut palms in Martinique. As Hyalopus is not very different 
from Cephalosporium, this species needs comparison with Cepha- 
losporium Lecant. 
Other Hyphomycetes which have been found on scale insects 
are Acrostalagmus coccidicola Guéguen (1904) on a coccus on a 
shrub at the Paris Exhibition of 1900; Geotrichum coccophilum 
Speg., on a coccus on Cycas revoluta, Brazil; Acremonium 
avraucanum Speg., on Aspidiotus, Chili; Stilbum coccophilum 
Sacc., and Penicillium coccophilum Sacc., on Ceroplastes in the 
Botanic Garden, Palermo; Sporotrichum Lecanit Peck, on 
Lecamium in North America; Sporotrichum globuliferum Speg., 
on Lecanium hesperidum at Lisbon}; Verticillium heterocladum 
Penz., on Lecanium hesperidum on orange, in Italy. This group 
has not been critically examined. 
In addition to the identifiable fungi enumerated, a number 
of sterile stromata occur on scale insects. Some of these appear 
to belong to Septobasidium. A small purple red lenticular 
stroma, which is common in the Eastern Tropics, apparently 
belongs to Torrubiella. Others seem to belong to Aschersonia. 
There is some evidence that these stromata are sterile because 
they have been attacked by another fungus, e.g. Cladosporium, 
but this phase of the subject is still under investigation. The 
brown sterile fungus found on scale insects in Florida has been 
found to be an Aegerita, Aegerita Webberi; according to the 
specimens submitted to me, it is not a state of a Meliola. 
All the fungi which have been mentioned ultimately make 
their appearance on the exterior of the scale insects attacked. 
There is however another class of fungi which are entoparasites. 
The first of these to be discovered was observed by Leydig in 
Lecanium hemisphaericum in 1854, but their nature was not 
recognised until 1887 when Monier? described Lecaniascus poly- 
morphus, parasitic on Lecanium hesperidum. During the current 
century, considerable attention has been given to this group, 
* Bull. Scient. France et Belgique, xxx1x (1905), p. 135. 
t ae Pestana, J., Bull. Soc. Portugaise Sci. Nat. Lisbonne, 11 (1908), 
pp. 14-18. 
{ Bull. Soc. Zool, France, x11 (1887), pp. 150-152. 
