Some Wood-Staining Fungi, B. D. MacCallum. 235 
sheaf of narrow parallel hyphae slightly bent towards the end. 
The beak is black except at the tip where it is colourless (Pl. IX, 
fig. 7a). At maturity the tip opens out to form a crown of 
bristles supporting the shiny yellowish mass of ascospores. 
The diameter of the perithecium is 150-250, the neck varies 
from -85—1 mm. in-length (though on Pinus sylvestris it is some- 
times I-2 mm. or more in length), 20-40 in width. The asci 
that I have found, agree with the description of Miinch, not 
with that of von Schrenk or Hedgcock, but I have found them 
only occasionally and after much search, though Miinch found 
them most abundantly. The ascus is almost spherical, 4-5-6 
in diameter. It has an extremely delicate wall and in crush 
preparations it generally collapses. Miinch finds 6-8 ascospores. 
I have found eight, apparently in two groups of four. The 
ascospores are 3—4:5p long, slightly curved, and rounded at 
both ends. 
All attempts to isolate a single ascospore were barren, as no 
solvent of the slime could be found which did not destroy the 
ascospore, so that streak cultures only could be made and young 
single mycelia isolated from their ends and transferred to 
separate plates. This was done repeatedly and the same series 
resulted in all cases. 
Cultures were also made from single spores of the Graphium, 
but with a disappointing result, for only the usual conidial 
forms and no perithecia were produced. Miinch had exactly 
similar results and he acknowledges that this is very much 
against the theory that the Graphium is a stage in the life 
history of C. Piceae. 
Just recently I have been making cultures from single conidia 
of the Cladosporium type, and in several cases have produced 
perithecia as well as Graphia. As I have had this result in only 
a few cultures, at the present moment I am willing to admit 
that this piece of evidence is not complete. Lack of time for 
research has prevented my repeating these rather tedious single 
spore cultivations, but I hope to do so at a later date. 
It is clear that, if this result can be obtained in a sufficiently 
large number of cultures from a single conidium, there can be 
absolutely no objection to the inclusion of Graphium penicilli- 
oides as a stage in the life-history of Cevatostomella Piceae. Like 
Miinch however, I am convinced that I have isolated numerous 
ascospores after germination and in each of these, have observed 
the same series of conidial and perithecial forms; namely, the 
Cladosporium type of conidiophore, followed by the Graphium 
fructification, these arising within a few days of germination, 
and finally, after two weeks or more, the perithecium. 
The above description, of course, applies to cultures of 
