52 TRANSACTIONS OF ROYAL SCOTTISH ARBORICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



From the description it is evident that the Portuguese administra- 

 tion may well be proud of Leiria. 



The forest of Leiria is 27,000 acres in extent. It lies south of 

 Lisbon, facing the ocean, from the shore of which it rises to 

 nearly 400 feet. The soil is lacustrine deposit or sand dunes — 

 siliceous. The main species is the Maritime pine, but there are 

 some other species, such as eucalyptus (chiefly E. globulus). Of 

 this there are plots of considerable size. Thus M. Parde 

 traversed an area of eucalyptus measuring 17 acres. Here 

 the trees, in perfect condition, were 25 years old, up to nearly 

 18 inches diameter at chest-height, and no feet high. A 

 valuation made here on a sample area with trees from 4 inches to 

 18 inches diameter, and 36 feet to no feet in height, produced 

 over 6500 cubic feet to the acre, and an annual growth of 600 

 cubic feet. 



The forest is worked on a working-plan very carefully drawn 

 up. There are a number of working-sections, of which some by 

 the coast are treated by the Selection method, the remainder on 

 the method called by us " Successive Regeneration Fellings," a 

 name which with pines (where, in fact, there is very little in the 

 way of successive fellings) is not very suitable, although 

 probably no better name can be applied to the method as 

 employed with most species. No doubt the sections treated 

 under Selection are so treated for protective reasons, but 

 unless the actual procedure approaches the Group method it 

 seems likely that success in regeneration cannot be great; 

 ordinary Selection is most unsuited to pines. The exploitable 

 age is sometimes 80 and sometimes 90 years, and in the sections 

 under successive fellings the regeneration periods are 20 or 

 30 years. Everything is in correct style ; regeneration fellings, 

 cleanings and light thinnings. There are some specially good 

 points. Thus no more than twelve reserve trees per acre are left 

 at the seed-felling, and though M. Pard^ thinks it is too few he 

 admits that a complete and immediate regeneration results. These 

 reserves are removed very soon. In India the writer knows 

 cases of Ftnus longifolia forests where only ten reserves are left 

 per acre, and with the greatest success. Another good point 

 is that the Maritime pines are not gemmcs a vie (that is, tapped 

 for resin and the wounds allowed to heal over again), but all the 

 trees that are to come out at the regeneration felling are gemnu's a 

 mart (that is, tapped thoroughly from a short time before the 



