NOTICES AND REVIEWS OF BOOKS; 239 



bye-laws for the conservation of the forests, could work hand 

 in hand with such instructors and be guided by their advice to 

 the lasting benefit of the economic development of the country. 



R. G. 



Inarming and Forestry : The Cultivatio)i of Trees for Shelter and 

 for Timber. By J. F. Annand, Lecturer on Forestry, 

 Armstrong College, Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 23 pp. with 

 Plate. Published in iho. Journal of the Newcastle Farmers' 

 Club, 1911-12. 



This pamphlet, as the title indicates, deals with the cultiva- 

 tion of trees for shelter and for timber. 



In introducing his subject Mr Annand speaks of the objects 

 of afforestation, and chiefly of the beneficial effects of shelter 

 to adjoining lands. 



The subject is thereafter dealt with under the following 

 heads : — ■ 



(i) The selection and saving of tree seeds; (2) the sowing 

 of seeds and the treatment of seedlings in the nursery; (3) 

 hints on the purchase of plants from public nurseries ; (4) 

 the selection of species for certain localities and for certain 

 purposes — planting for shelter and for timber; (5) methods 

 of planting and best season for planting ; (6) treatment of 

 young woods {a) for shelter, {[>) for timber production ; (7) the 

 cultivation of osier beds, for basket willow and for tree willow. 



Useful hints on the collecting and treatment of tree seeds 

 are given, and the operations of sowing seeds and transplant- 

 ing seedlings are described in every detail. The purchase of 

 transplanted trees is also dealt with. 



Under the heading of Selection of Species, Mr Annand speaks 

 highly of the sycamore as a farmer's tree, as it provides good 

 shelter and shade, but does not rob the surface soil so much 

 as other species. Beech is recommended as a marginal tree, 

 but owing to its dense canopy it is unsuitable for hedgerow 

 planting. Ash and elm are not to be encouraged for planting 

 near arable land as they impoverish a wide area round them. 

 Mr Annand somewhat underrates the poplar as a timber tree. 

 Than the Black Italian poplar no more profitable tree could 

 be found for odd corners where land is too moist for cultivation. 



