AND EDUCATION IN DENMARK. 219 
by John de Garlandia,* who attained very high distinction in 
the eleventh century. VII. The Writings of Donatus the gram- 
marian, whose book on the eight Parts of Speech continued in use 
till about the middle of the last century. VIII. The Danish 
Proverbs of Peter Lollius, accompanied by a latin translation in 
leonine verse. IX. Facetus, a code of instructions, by proverbs, for 
grounding the manners of young persons: it is a silly and vapid 
medley, compiled in latin verse. 
This class of books was interdicted by Christiern II in the fif- 
teenth century ; and, in their stead, came the following. I. The 
Fundamentum in Grammatica, composed by Peter Albertsen the 
vice-chancellor, who selected the best parts of the Doctrinale, the 
Grecismus and the Labyrinthus, with a degree of judgment which 
* John Garlande was an Englishman by birth, but the place of his nati- 
vity and the time of his decease have escaped the researches of biological his- 
torians. About the middle of the eleventh century, he retired to the Conti- 
nent with a view to avoid the miseries resulting from the savage and inces- 
sant aggressions of the Danes, who were then devastatiug the fairest portions 
of England, Scotland, and most of the British islands. He gave prelections 
in logic and philology in the schools of Paris, Thoulouse, and other places ; 
and, at the same time, he found leisure to compose many of his poetical and 
scholastic productions, and 1o write several essays in English history. There 
is probability in the conjecture that he returned to his native country, after 
William the Norman had established his pretensions to the English throne. 
Some brief sketches of this celebrated dialectician were collected, from the 
accounts of earlier biographers, by bishop Tanner, who inserted them in his 
“Bibliotheca Britannico-hibernica,” p. 309-10. The grammatical treatises 
of John de Garlandia were all printed previously to the end of the fifteenth 
century, and this circumstance is evidence of their extensive popularity. 
Interpretatio Vocabulorum Aiquivocorum appeared in 1486, with acommentary 
by the editor : the Composita Verborum issued from the press of Gerard Leen 
at Antwerp, in 1486: and the Synonyma came forth, in a first impression, at 
Reutlingen, in 1487, in a quarto size. Wynkyn de Worde gave editions of 
the “ Equivoca” and “ Synonyma,” with the following titles. Multorum 
Vocabulorum /Equivocorum interpretatio Magistrii Johannis de Garlandia 
grammatico et Latini cupido permaximé necessaria; 4to, Londini, 1499, 
1505, 1510, and 1517. Synonima Magistri Galfridi Anglici nupervimé cor- 
recta; Londini, 1500, 1505, and 1510. This last was printed by Pynson, 
4to, Londini, 1496, 1500, and 1509: the former came from the same press, 
4to, Ib. 1514. The Facetus is sometimes represented as one of John de Gar- 
landia’s productions: it is frequently bound up with his poem on Contempt 
of the World; 4to, Lugduni, 1486. Galfrid the Englishman, who expound- 
ed John de Garlandia’s Synonymes and Aiquivocals, was a native of Norfolk 
or one of the adjacent counties ; his surname was Starkey : he became a Do- 
minican friar, and wrote a “ Medulla Grammatices” and other philological 
books : he “ flourished” in the last half of the fifteenth century. 
