OF THE COUNTY OF STAFFORD. 235 
of Ellastone and Wootton Hall, by Farley, to Oakamoor. From 
Oakamoor the line mentioned before as running S. of Cheadle to 
a point about one mile west of Dilhorne, is the common boundary of 
the new red sandstone and the coal-field. From this point the new 
red sandstone runs up to Cellar Head, and thence by Holme down 
to Park Hall, near Lane End. The boundary of the Pottery coal- 
field then becomes that of the new red sandstone along the line by 
Madeley, Audley, and north of Talk-o’-the-Hill, to the S.W. end of 
Mole Cop, when the two formations separate again, and the new 
red sandstone runs into Cheshire, lying at the foot of the range 
formed by Mole Cop, Congleton Edge, and Cloud Hill. All the 
northern division of the county S. of the line now traced as running 
from Ashbourne, by Cheadle and Newcastle, to Madeley, is formed 
of the new red sandstone, without the appearance (so far as I am 
aware) of any other rock. To the north of this line all the country 
not previously included within the boundaries of the mountain 
limestone and the coal districts, is formed of gritstone and shale. 
A belt of shale, as usual, surrounds the mountain limestone, and a 
ridge of gritstone forms the boundary of the coal districts ; but the 
two formations pass too insensibly one into the other to admit of 
drawing lines of demarcation, except on a map of very large scale, 
and after much greater time and labour than I have bestowed on 
them. Within the district thus occupied, however, there is yet to 
be noticed a very remarkable outlier of new red sandstone. From 
a hamlet called Fould, about two miles N. of Leek, down to the 
borders of the Cheadle coal-field about Consal, the valley of the 
Churnet is composed of this rock, which, as in the valley of the 
Dove above Ashbourne, forms the bed of the brook, and rests 
against the neighbouring hills up to a certain height, occasionally 
perhaps two hundred feet above the level of the river.* The same 
thing takes place, too, in a lateral valley that comes in from the W. 
below Cheddleton ; new red sandstone is found up it as far at least 
as the village of Endon, which stands on an eminence composed of 
that rock. Another outlier of new red sandstone, but smaller and 
nearer the main mass of the formation, is that covering part of the 
Cheadle coal-field, and on which the town of Cheadle itself stands. 
The structure of the districts thus mapped out, and the position of 
the beds of which they are composed, is well worthy of a more ac- 
curate examination and description than they have yet received. 
All I can do, however, is, to give a few hints respecting them. 
* 'The town of Leek itself stands upon new red sandstone. 
