AN HISTORICAL SKETCH OF FRENCH LITERATURE. 289 
them, whom they called “ Rois de Jongleurs.” In process of time 
the Troubadours appear to have been confounded with the Jongleurs ;* 
and it is to this too close connexion with this degraded class that they 
themselves ascribe their ultimate decay. To so great an extent did 
they carry their licentiousness and depravity, that Philip Augustus, 
their great and generous patron, whose court resounded with their 
songs, involving Troubadours and Jongleurs in the same disgrace, 
banished both from his court ;+ and though they were shortly after- 
wards recalled, a stigma always remained attached to their order, a 
brand which neither an increased austerity of morals, or redoubled 
efforts of genius, could ever entirely efface. If, in addition to these 
causes of decay, it be remembered that at this period, the attention of 
all lovers of poetry was so forcibly attracted by the compositions of 
the immortal Italian trio; if it be remembered that the Tusean lan- 
guage, imbued with the choicest beauties of the classic fount, was 
tolls at the entrance of all towns, provided they sang a song and made their 
monkeys dance to the tollman: hence arose the well-known proverb, “ Payer 
en Gambades et en monnoie de singe.” —Burney, Hist. of Music, vol. ii, p. 273 3 
De la Rue, Essais sur les Jongleurs, &c. vol. i, p. 118. 
* Rambaut de Vaqueiras, a man of noble descent, and an especial favou- 
rite of the Marquis of Montserrat, by whom he was knighted, gives himself 
these appellations :— 
“Et es razos qu’eu mi podetz trobar 
Testimoni, cavalier e joglar.” 
(Raynouard, tom. ii, p. 262). Pierre d’Auvergne, in a satire, which he ex. 
pressly states to be directed against certain of the Troubadours, shortly af- 
terwards, particularizing some of that body, calls them Jongleurs, 
“ Chantarai d’aquetz trobadors.” 
He afterwards says— 
“ FE’! quartz de Briva’l Lemozis 
Us joglaretz pus prezenlis . . 
El seizes N’Elias Gausmars 
Qu’es cavayers e—s fai joglars.” 
(Raynouard, tom. iv, p. 297). 
+ It ison account of this disgrace that we never find any eulogium of this 
monarch in the productions of the Troubadours : his name appears, in fact, to 
have been studiously omitted in all their poems, as we find copious mention 
of all the other monarchs of that period, Their banishment took place in the 
year 1181.—De La Rue, tom. i, p. 247; Rigord et Megeraz, ad ann. 1181. 
VOL. IX., NO. XXVI. oy 
