OUTLINES OF PERIODICAL LITERATURE. 347 
state, when it has been exposed for a considerable time to intense sun-light, 
and when it is dead; and that its pale colour is exchanged for other hues 
when the creature is suddenly exposed to the sun’s rays, when its body has 
been heated to 903° F. for then its vital powers and functions are most ener- 
getic, and its colours most strikingly contrasted, and when it is handled or 
alarmed or surprised or thrown into water or exposed to rain. This paper 
of Dr. W.’s prefers extraordinary claims on the consideration of physiolo- 
gists. Mr. Morris illustrates his observations on the deposits containing 
Carnivora and other Mammalia in the valley of the Thames, with a good 
figure of a bear’s fossil tooth, and he describes the localities and their strati- 
fication where “mammalian remains” have been exhumed: these belonged 
to the elephant, rhinoceros, hippopotamus, horse, deer, Irish elk, vole, bear» 
hyzena, and perhaps the lion: his list of shells occurring in the mammalife- 
rous deposits contains eight bivalves, thirty univalves, and one of the crusta- 
_ cea: they are scarcely ever accompanied with any trace of vegetable re- 
mains. Asa suitable addition to the preceding article, Mr. Sowerby insti- 
tutes: a comparison of Cyrena, Valvata, and Unio, found at Grays, with re- 
cent species, and he figures a Valvata and the valves of a Unio, both in the 
fossil state, as illustrations. Next in order, come the recent researches in 
fossil zoology of Mr. Von Meyer, in an English version. They relate to 
the Pemphia sueri, P. alberti, Limulus priscus, L. agnotus, Erion hackmanni, 
E. schuberti, E. rhemani, Glyphea grandis, G. reglegani, G. ventrosa, G. mun- 
sleria, G. dressieri, G. pustulosa, G. mandelslohi, Prosophon simplex, P. helies, 
Plateosaurus a new gigantic saurian, Reteosaurus with its hermetically closed 
marrow-tubes, Mastodonosaurus, Chelonis gigantea, C. knorri, Plesiosaurus, 
Nithosaurus, Drucosaurus, Nothosaurus goldfusii, Condriosaurus elevatus, 
Charitosaurus ischidii, Pterodactylus Javateri, P. macronyx, and Machino- 
saurus hugii, with its teeth of a blunted conical form, dense and striped. 
Articles vi and vir consist of replies and explanations which are not 
anonymous, and these are succeeded by an instructive practical com- 
munication, wherein Mr. Coeper gives the details of an excursion to 
Woking, made in the summer of the year 1838, by the members of 
the Botanical Society of London, with observations on varieties of plants ; 
he notes a variety of the Orchis morio, having beautifully delicate fawn-co- 
loured flowers, and concludes that it is exceedingly rare. Six concise Re- 
views introduce the Short Communications, and these have the titles—Mr. 
Eyton’s arrangement of the gulls ; Dr. Weissenborn on the Gypaétos barba- 
tus of immense size, shot during the last autumn, and probably the destroyer 
of two children ; flight of pigeons at the rate of eight hundred and sixty feet 
in a minute, and to the extent of three hundred and twenty geographical 
miles; jealousy of a dog; new hot spring at Carlsbad containing both bro- 
mine and iodine ; hybernation of the marmot ; extract of a letter from Java, 
on collecting the nests of Hirundo esculenta; and a note on the lake of 
Arendsee, which throws out yellow amber, and petrifactions of wood and 
other substances. 
XXIIL.—This, for November, commences with a second portion of Dr. 
Drummond’s notices of Irish Entozoa; and, on the present occasion, he 
treats of the Tetrarynchus grossus, T’. solidus, a species newly described by 
the doctor, and the Bothriocephalus punctatus, which possesses four bothria 
instead of two only, as is generally supposed: the descriptions are clear and 
