80 SUITABLE DISTANCES FOR 



Alder being a tree of small er dimensions, and in most cases cut 

 before arriving at old age, may be planted moderately close. In 

 sheltered situations and dampish soil (free of stagnant water, bow- 

 ever), it may be planted at 12 feet apart, with nurses to 4 feet 

 apart \ and on poor soil and bigb elevations, at 9 feet apart, and 

 filled in with nurses to 3 feet apart ; but when planted as coppice- 

 wood, or in swampy places, a preferable course would be to plant 

 tbe trees at from 5 to 6 feet apart, without nurses. 



The Birch is a tree that does not require much room, for its 

 spread of branches is not very wide, having an erect tendency of 

 growth. It is often grown on poor soil and high elevations, in 

 which position 9 feet apart, the spaces planted* with nurses of 

 Scotch fir to 3 feet apart, will not be too close ; or tbe trees may 

 be planted in masses at 4 feet apart, without nurses. When in 

 low elevations and good soil, and moderately sheltered, the birch 

 may be planted at 12 feet apart, with nurses to 4 feet. 



The Poplars all grow rapidly to large dimensions, and require 

 considerable room for their development, with the exception of 

 the Lombardy poplar (Populus fastigiata), which is of upright 

 growth, and requires little room. But it is seldom planted for 

 profit in plantations, and 5 feet apart, without nurses, will be 

 found suitable in favourable soils and situations. The other 

 varieties of poplar, viz., Black Italian, Balsam, Ontario, Silver, 

 etc., may be planted in good loam and sheltered situation, 6 feet 

 apart, without nurses ; but in less favourable situations and soils, 

 at 9 to 10 feet apart, with larch and spruce nurses at 4| to 5 feet 

 apart. The same distance is equally applicable to the mountain 

 poplar, filled in with Scotch fir, or other nurses, to 3| feet apart. 



Willows are fast growing trees, and require plenty of room; 

 when planted in good and rather moist soil, and sheltered situa- 

 tions, without nurses, 6 feet apart will be close enough. 



Chestnut (Spanish) luxuriates well with the oak ; and the same 

 distances, in the same varieties of soil, altitude, and situation, 

 will be suitable for its growth. 



Chestnut (Horse) being principally grown for ornament, should 

 be planted widely, so as to allow abundance of room to expand 

 its branches; and when the soil is good, and the position well 

 sheltered, 18 feet apart, with nurses to 4| feet, will be a suitable 

 distance. 



The Lime, although a valuable timber tree, is more frequently 

 planted for ornament than for profit, and requires considerable 



