98 SPECIES OF ABIES DETERMINED BY 



interrupted layer under the epidermis of the upper side of the leaf. 

 Resin canals in the parenchyma of the leaf. 



All the specimens of A. pectinata examined have the resin canals 

 in the parenchyma of the leaf, and are thus at once separated from 

 A. Nordmanniana. 



No. 5. Abies Nordmanniana, Spach. 



Leaves emarginate at the apex. Stomata on the under side of 

 the leaf only. Hypoderma forming a slightly interrupted layer 

 under the epidermis of the upper side of the leaf. Resin canals 

 placed close to the epidermis of the under side. 



Closely related to A. pectinata, but has the resin canals in a 

 different position. 



No. 6. Abies Cephalonica, Loud. 



Leaves pointed at the apex. Stomata rarely forming a row or 

 two on the upper surface of the leaf, generally confined to the 

 lower. Hypoderma well developed, forming a zone two or three 

 cells thick under the whole epidermis of the upper side. Resin 

 canals placed close to the epidermis of the under side. 



Very different from A. pectinata. More nearly related to A. 

 Nordmanniana, but at once separated by the enormous develop- 

 ment of hypoderma. 



A. Apollinis, Link, and A. Regince-Amalice, Heldr., have both been 

 examined. They can hardly be considered, anatomically, as being 

 anything more than slight varieties of A. Cephalonica, having a 

 slightly less development of hypoderma, and having the stomata 

 more constantly present on the upper side of the leaf. 



No. 7 (93). Pinus (Abies) cilicica, Antoine and Kot., Parlatore. 

 Abies cilicica, Carriere. 



Leaves obtuse and emarginate at the apex ; upper surface with 

 no stomata. Hypoderma well developed, but consisting of rather 

 scattered cells. Resin canals near epidermis of lower side. 



Living specimens of Abies cilicica have been examined from 

 Glasnevin Garden, Dublin, and from Elvaston Nurseries, and an 

 authentic specimen from Kotschy (370), in the Herbarium of 

 Trinity College, Dublin. 



It is extremely closely related, anatomically, to Abies Nordman- 

 niana, but as I have not had the opportunity of examining an 

 authentic cone-bearing shoot, I shall consider them quite distinct. 



