188 THE ROYAL FOREST SCHOOL AT VALLOMBROSA. 



Natural History. — Botany, Systematic and A T egetable Physiology. 

 Forestry. — Theoretic and Practical. 



Languages.— Italian, German, and French, with Reading, "Writing, and 

 Translating of Forest Literature. 



Second Year. 



Mathematics applied.— Differential and Integral Calculus, Conic Sections, 

 Measuring of Heights of Trees and Cubic Contents, Plan Drawing, 

 Valuation Surveys. 



Climatology and Forest Meteorology. 



Natural History. — Botany, Dendrology, Forest Entomology, Geology, and 

 Mineralogy. 



Forest Economy. — History of Forest Science, Practical Sylviculture, Sea- 

 soning of Timber, etc. 



Elements of Agriculture. — Improvement of Soils, Pasturage, Drainage, 

 Agriculture, etc. 



Languages. — Exercises in Italian, German, and French. 



Third Year. 

 Mathematics applied. — Piates of Growth of Trees, Mensuration, Civil 



Architecture, Hydraulics. 

 Forest Administration. — Statistics of different Woods, Classification of 



Forests, Planting of D&nes, Maremma, Marshes. 

 Forest Law and Jurisprudence. — Communal Plights, Pastoral Plights, etc. 

 Economy. — Political and National. 

 Languages. — Exercises in Italian, German, and French. 



The first year is mainly devoted to scientific training, and in the 

 second and third year the practical details of forest management 

 are inculcated. For this purpose tracts of land are set apart 

 bearing evergreen and deciduous trees of various ages, to be man- 

 aged by the elder pupils. Each has also charge of a portion of the 

 nursery, where he digs, waters, and prepares the soil, sows seeds, 

 and performs all the needful operations with his own hand. As 

 the design of the Forest School at Vallombrosa is to train able and 

 skilled administrators, theoretical instruction is throughout com- 

 bined with practical demonstration. 



Excursions. — The pupils make frequent excursions, some with 

 the Professor of Natural History, for the collection and classifying 

 of natural products ; some with the Professors of Mathematics and 

 Surveying, when they make plans and elevations of the surround- 

 ing lands, calculate the amount of timber, and describe the man- 

 agement, according to the manner prescribed in the rules ; those 

 under the personal care of the Director, for other exercises in 

 practical forestry. Each year a long excursion is made to some 

 wooded district belonging to the State, or to a private individual. 



