CONTINENTAL NOTES FRANCE. 49 



used with the Weymouth, but where it has not disappeared it is 

 not half the size of the latter. In this instance the capital has 

 functioned at 6 per cent., but another writer gives an example 

 of a Weymouth plantation, grown in similar but even more 

 difficult conditions, where the rate was at least 7^ per cent. 



X. M. Galland, having noticed when walking through com- 

 partments in course of exploitation that oak logs cut along the 

 edges of roads ahvays appeared to contain a large proportion 

 of sapwood, made careful observations with a Pressler borer on 

 numerous stems grown in similar situations, but varying only in 

 the amount of light that reached — ^not their crowns but — their 

 boles. The result bore out his casual observation. Thus, to 

 quote only some of the cases out of many similar, the following 

 examples may be taken : — 



1. In a compartment of which the stock was coppice-with- 

 standards, the standards being old and the underwood old 

 enough to shade their boles completely, the mean thickness of 

 the sapwood of six of the oaks was 15 "42 mm. 



2. In a compartment of high-forest under regeneration, with 

 the oak reserves standing far apart and only seedlings on the 

 ground, the mean thickness of the sapwood was 38-33 mm. 



3. In a similar compartment it was 39*3 mm. 



4. In a younger compartment, principally of oaks, fairly 

 close, with the boles shaded by the neighbouring crowns, the 

 figure was i8-6 mm. 



5. In a compartment of very close-grown beech poles with 

 some old oaks, their sapwood was 15 "3 7 mm. 



M. Galland then wished to ascertain the rate at which the sap- 

 wood increased with the admission of light to the boles. For this 

 purpose he made observations in five compartments in sequence 

 in a coppice-with-standards, and found that in two years the thick- 

 ness of the sapwood was more than doubled. Thus : — 



In a compartment of which the underwood was just cut, the 



sapwood of the standards was i4'3 mm. 

 Do. cut the previous year, the sapwood of the standards was 



2575 mm. 

 Do. cut two years before, the sapwood of the standards was 



31-5 mm. 

 Do. cut three years before, the sapwood of the standards was 



33 "im. 

 Do. cut four years before, the sapwood of the standards was 



36'96 mm. 



VOL. XXVIJ. PART I. D 



