SEVENTH ANNUAL MEETING 19 



18 years. Three have existed more than 40 years, two others 

 more than 30, and five others more than 20 years. The thirty- 

 five state surveys were especially active during 1913. collect- 

 ing and disseminating information intended to promote the 

 orderly development of mineral resources. Several surveys 

 also had responsibility in connection with highways, soils, 

 forests, and reclamation of wet lands. Besides having these 

 utilitarian functions, the surveys contributed notably to pure 

 science. Altogether the state surveys expended approximate- 

 ly $475,000, and received the benefits of SI 40,000* additional 

 expenditure by co-operating federal bureaus. About 100 

 scientists gave full-time service for the states, and about 50 

 others, besides topographers and soil experts, were furnished 

 in co-operation. 



To enumerate the mining schools or departments, and the 

 experiment stations of the country would almost require a 

 roll-call of States. But among the notable contributors to the 

 profession may be mentioned Columbia, Yale. Michigan. Col- 

 orado. Minnesota, Missouri, and our new school at Illinois. 

 These, together with the geological and chemical departments 

 of our universities are producing the graduates who influence 

 the mineral industry. The field and laboratory researches of 

 these schools and colleges include real contributions to prac- 

 tical knowledge. 



PRIVATE AGENCIES 



Aside from official surveys, bureaus and educational insti- 

 tutions already presented, there are many private agencies of 

 research and publication. An important work is done by 

 professional and practical men who publish the accounts of 

 their work in the dozen or more technical papers of the coun- 

 try. Mention should be made also of the research by great cor- 

 porations which annually explore and drill mineral land. They 

 either follow-up and utilize the results of official field work, 

 or take the initiative themselves. The spectacular but fun- 

 damental work of the Carnegie geophysical laboratory has a 

 practical bearing on problems of mineralization. Finally, a 

 necessary forum of the mining business is provided by the 

 American Institute of Mining Engineers, the American Min- 

 ing Congress, and related organizations. 



CHARACTER OF INVESTIGATIONS 



A review of the character of investigations of mineral re- 

 sources and industries includes, first, the earlv frontier ex- 



