48 ILLINOIS ACADEMY OF SCIENCE 



in a changing condition, and no one seems to know what is 

 right. Because the pure sciences had to be taught by laboratory 

 equipment and experimental methods, may not be a reason why 

 agriculture should be taught in this way within four walls, 

 especially. Because one science should logically precede an- 

 other, is no reason why agriculture should fit into a scheme 

 of precedence. The danger is that our pure science men are 

 trying to fit agriculture into a hide-bound system of text- 

 books, laboratories and other academic methods. Agriculture 

 is the application of nearly all sciences, and it is out-of-doors. 

 These facts should govern our policies and methods in teaching 

 the subject. 



Larger and better things are coming for agricultural edu- 

 cation in our state. It may not be long until legislature fiat 

 will place agriculture into all the schools. Many men and wo- 

 men are at work trying to find the best way by which agri- 

 culture in the public schools will not only contribute to the 

 educational growth of the boys and girls of the school, but 

 be a constructive factor in the economic and permanent growth 

 of the state. 



At the meeting of the High School Conference referred to 

 above, the Agricultural Section adopted courses of study in 

 general science and agriculture, and made recommendations 

 as to books, equipment, and methods. These proceedings are 

 being published and may be obtained soon from the writer. 



RESISTANCE AND REACTIONS OF FISHES TO 

 TEMPERATURE 



MORRIS M. WELLS, UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO 



The relation of fishes to temperature has been a subject for 

 considerable experimental and observational study in the past. 

 The experimental work has dealt largely with the resistance 

 of fishes to extremes of temperature, while numerous observa- 

 tions have been made both upon the resistance and the reac- 

 tions of fishes to various temperatures. In 1853 Dr. John 

 Davy experimented upon the resistance of a number of species 

 of fishes to high temperatures, and in 1882, as recorded in 

 Day's (1886) review of his work, Davy reported a consider- 

 able number of experiments upon the extremes of high tern- 



