FORESTRY SURVEY 205 



imum diameter of two feet and a height of fifty to sixty 

 feet. Liauas are abundant on the edges of the relic 

 patches and frequently penetrate to their centers. These 

 include bittersweet (Celastrus scandens), green briar 

 (Smilax sp.Jj, moonseed vine (Menispcruuim canadcnse), 

 Virginia creeper (Psedcra qiiinquefoUa) and poison ivy 

 (Rhus toxicodendron). Prickly ash (Xanthoxylum amer- 

 icanum) and elder (Samhucus canadensis) are among the 

 shrubs. A large part of the upland is characterized by 

 local shallow depressions, in which the vegetation includes 

 a considerable percentage of hydrophytic species, having 

 swamp characteristics, such as buttressed bases. 



West from the city limits the land has been largely 

 cleared, with few single trees standing, a few woodlots 

 and occasional clumps of second growth, but the forest 

 apparently originally extended to the slopes of the Glen- 

 wood Beach. This beach is now occupied by the Gross 

 Point Road with very few original trees standing and one 

 wood lot 100 by 300 yards extending from Dempster 

 street, southwest along the Gross Point Road. This con- 

 sists chiefly of red or black oaks, with a few somewhat 

 stunted white oak, and has the appearance of a typical 

 sand-ridge formation. Westward to the Chicago river the 

 substratum is composed of irregularly placed sand bars 

 with swales and swampy spots interspersed but practi- 

 cally none of the forest remains, until within one-fourth or 

 one-eighth of a mile of the river. The outlines of the 

 forest along the river are indicated on the map and it is 

 all included in the Cook County Forest Preserve. 



The east and west branches of the north branch of the 

 Chicago river enter the township in sections 7 and 8 and 

 unite in the northwest corner of section IT. Contrary to 

 the representation of the U. S. Geological Survey topo- 

 gi'aphical map, the east branch is twice the size of the 

 west. The Glenview Golf Course occupies the triangle 

 between the two branches and only a few bits of forest 

 remain on its gi'ounds. Xorth of Church street the forest 

 has been cleared west of the river and no evidence was 

 secured as to its original western limit. South of Church 

 street there are patches which have been more or less 

 pastured as far west as the line of the Chicago, Milwaukee 



