206 ILLINOIS ACADEMY OF SCIENCE 



and St. Paul Railroad, with isolated trees even beyond 

 that line. The river flows on a flood plain ten to fifteen 

 feet below the upland and from one-eighth to one-fourth of 

 a mile in width. 



The upland forest consists of white oak (Quercus alba), 

 hard maple (Acer saccliarum), shagbark hickory (Carya 

 ovata), and white ash (Fraxiniis americana), with an 

 abrupt change on the flood plain to white and slippery 

 elms (Ulmus americana and Ulmus fulva), soft maple 

 basswood (Tilia americana) , white ash (Fraxinus ameri- 

 cana), with ironwood (Ostrya virginiana), water beech 

 (Carpinus caroliniana) and characteristic flood plain 

 undergrowth. 



The region surveyed includes a little over nine square 

 miles, of which about 700 acres still bear original forest 

 trees. Of this 700 acres, about 80 acres may be classed as 

 primitive forest, 500 acres as open pastured forest, 100 

 acres as very open pastured forest and woodlots, and 20 

 acres primitive flood plain forest. So far there has been 

 no attempt to correlate the forest growth with soil condi- 

 tions, as the soil map of Cook county has not yet been pub- 

 lished and there has been no opportunity of studying the 

 unpublished data. 



This region differs somewhat from the others so far 

 studied in that it adjoins a large city, but it offers some 

 interesting forest situations on that account. First, it 

 shows the value of forest trees as a factor in city land- 

 scaping. The Lincoln wood portion of Evanston derives a 

 large part of its charm from the presence of the forest 

 trees which have been preserved as far as consistent with 

 the mechanical necessities of laying out streets and build- 

 ing houses. Secondly, it shows the possibility of preserv- 

 ing small patches of forest in city parks and for woodlots 

 in the midst of farms and truck gardens. Thirdly, it 

 affords the opportunity for preserving original patches of 

 forest in a Forest Preserve. It also emphasizes the ques- 

 tion of the proper preservation of the forest on this pre- 

 serve, where the demand for picnic grounds, as well as for 

 pasturing, as an economic measure is already being 

 strongly pushed. Such uses prevent reproduction of the 

 forest and if persisted in will result not only in failure to 

 preserve the original forest conditions, but also the inevit- 



