FORESTRY SURVEY 225 



The plants taken into account in this association were 

 Populus grandidentata, Popuhis trcmuloides, Popiilus del- 

 toidcs, Populus balsam if era, Ostrya virginiana, Bctula 

 alha,PyrHS corotiariu ,Fraxinus amcricana,Tilia americana, 

 Pi'unus seroiina, Crataegus mollis (7). Juniperus virgini- 

 ana. Junipcrus communis, Bhus tgphina, Rhus glabra, 

 SalijT glaucophylla, Salix syrtieola, Cornus circinata, 

 Cornus stolonifcra, Corylus americana, Shepherdia cana- 

 densis, Phus toxicolendron, and Celastrus scandens. Pop- 

 ulus grandidentata, Populus trcmuloides and Ostrya vir- 

 giniana were the dominant tree species. Bctula alba was 

 found sparsely scattered over the bluff but was more 

 abundant near the mouth of ravines. Juniperus virgini- 

 ana and Junipcrus communis were generally found at the 

 base, or extending to the middle of the bluff. Upland 

 types such as Fra.rinus americana and Tilia americana 

 were very rare, but representatives occurred as saplings, 

 and were mostlv found onlv from the middle to the top of 

 tiie bluff. 



c. The Juniperus-shrub association. — Fig. 10 shows 

 an area south of Ravine 4 ( Xewhall i in which evergreens 

 are dominant. ( See map. X. T. 6. 4S and 49). Junipcrus 

 virginiana, Junipcrus communis and Ostrya virginiana 

 are the most prominent and abundant plant species pres- 

 ent. Shrubs are abundant, and practically the same 

 species are found here as in the Populus-shrub association. 

 The list of shrubs includes Salix syrticola, Salix glauco- 

 phylla. Cornus circinata, Cornus paniculata, Cornus alter- 

 nifolia. Shephcrdia canadensis. Rosa blanda, Ribes cynos- 

 bati and Hamamclis virginiana. 



Except for Ostrya virginiana, the trees of the angio- 

 sperm group were not abundant. Those that were present 

 were mostly small saplings and were confined chiefly to 

 the upper edge of the bluff' where the majority of them 

 seemed to be encroaching from the upland. Tilia ameri- 

 cana, Carpinus ca)-oliniana, Quercus macrocarpa, Quercus 

 alba, Populus grandidentata, Populus trcmuloides and 

 Fj'axinus americana occurred here. Hamamclis virgini- 

 ana was found only at the upper edge of the bluff. Xear 

 the middle of the bluff' was one specimen of Pinus strobus 

 which was about one foot in diameter and there were a 

 few smaller white pines between the base and the middle 

 of the bluff' face. Some of these latter trees are shown in 

 Fig. 11. 



