PAPERS OX BOTANY 145 



and measiired. The apples were then placed in ordinarv 

 cold storage at 0"" C. on October 12, 1917. Examinations 

 of these blotches were made from time to time, bnt no 

 evidence of further growi:h was found. The last apples 

 were removed from storage, August 10, 1918. Figs. 2 

 and 3 are from photographs of the same apples, Grimes 

 and Ehode Island Greening, taken before and after being 

 stored, under the above conditions. Aside from a slight 

 shriveling, which was noticed on the checks, as well as on 

 the fruit bearing the fungus, no change in general ap- 

 pearance was evident. There was no enlargement of 

 the individual blotches. 



Contrary to the statement made by Stevens and HaU 

 (1913). and Sears (1914), that sooty blotch can frequently 

 be entirely rubbed off with a cloth, the writer has not 

 found it generally true in his handling of apples from 

 Alabama, Illinois, Ohio, and New Hampshire. Boxed 

 apples, TTinesaps, from the state of Washington, offered 

 for sale on a fruit stand, at Champaign, Illinois, had 

 been polished to the usual degree found at such places. 

 They were, nevertheless, markedly spotted with the fun- 

 gus. Such facts indicate the impossibility of easily re- 

 moving evidence of the trouble in the orchard, through 

 the ordinary picking and sorting operations, where can- 

 vas gloves are worn by the workers. 



Geographical Occurrence. Comparatively little is 

 known regarding the occurrence of sooty blotch, hi coun- 

 tries other than the United States and Canada. The brief 

 statement by von Thuemen (1879), that the fungus oc- 

 curs in Italy, is practically the only citation we have, 

 which refers with certainty to sooty blotch on the conti- 

 nent. In England the fungus is reported on apples by 

 Salmon (1910). and on pears by Salmon and TVormald 

 (1915). 



Maeoun (1903), in reporting the presence of "sooty 

 fungus or fly speck fungus" in Canada, states that it is 

 not common in Ontario, but was found the previous year. 

 Later (Maeoun 1907), he reports the trouble as usually 

 confined to southwestern Ontario. Howitt (1916) states 



