152 ILLINOIS ACADEMY OF SCIENCE 



on very short conicliophores arising as lateral branches 

 from the mycelium, which forms the base of the sporo- 

 genous structure. 



Paraphyses. A fact of importance to be noted is the 

 presence of copious paraphyses (Figs. 23, 32). They 

 are slender, blunt, gelatinous, and many-septate, and ex- 

 tend among and far beyond the conidiospores. In var- 

 ious genera of the perfect fungi, the presence or absence, 

 and the shape and size of paraphyses are important 

 characters in differentiating these genera. Such struc- 

 tures are very much less common in the imperfect fungi 

 and are here rarely used as generic characters. 



However, Saceardo, in the ''Sylloge Fungorum" uses 

 the presence of paraphyses as a generic character in lim- 

 iting Lasiodiplodia, and he also describes paraphyses in 

 connection with many species of Chaetodiplodia. Hig- 

 gins (1916), in his discussion of the nomenclature of plum 

 wilt, which he places in the genus Lasiodiplodia, states 

 that ''the ]Dresence of paraphyses seems to be the most 

 constant character of the pycnidia". 



Chlamydospores. What appear to be chlamydospores 

 have been observed often in examination of thalli of the 

 fern-like type (Fig. 7). These spore-like bodies may be 

 described as dark brown, thick walled, sometimes angled 

 cells. They probably originate through the breaking 

 apart of single cells of mycelium. It is certain that these 

 chlamydospores initiate new colonies, since in thalli con- 

 taining but 4-7 cells (Fig. 26), as well as in those much 

 larger (Fig. 24), the chlamydospores are still easily 

 recognizable near the center of the thallus. 



Histological Relation. Sections of apple and pear 

 fruits, more or less coated with sooty blotch, after being 

 stained with the safranin, showed clearly that the state- 

 ment generally made, affirming the superficial nature of 

 the fungus, is correct. In no case was the cuticle pene- 

 trated, or any of the epidermal cells or those below, dis- 

 turbed, or their appearance altered from the normal, 

 when sooty blotch was present. This fact is well illus- 

 trated with respect to the pear, in Fig. 14, and the apple, 



