PAPERS ON BOTAXY 163 



Finally, there has been observed a marked difference 

 in the geographical range of the two fungi, by the writer 

 and others. J. H. Gourley' of Xew Hampshire, in a let- 

 ter to the writer, states: **It has been very apparent to 

 me since being in this country that the fly speck does not 

 develop as much as it did out in Ohio." 



Ill view of these several points of evidence as to the 

 independence of sooty blotch and fly speck, and the fact 

 that their general aspect is quite dissimilar, any assump- 

 tion of their identity would be quite gratuitous. The 

 burden of proof must rest with any who make such an 

 assumption. 



TThile the writer has made no stiniies, as yet, as to 

 the dissemination of sooty blotch, except the observation 

 regarding the presence of chlamydospores, it was noted 

 on examination of hundreds of apples of many varieties, 

 from various parts of the United States, that in a very 

 large percent (SO-90) of cases, the fruit showed more 

 sooty blotch at the stem end (Frontispiece), than else- 

 where. This fact is presumably correlated with the dis- 

 semination of chlamydospores, by air, during the latter 

 part of the growing season. 



It was found that sooty blotch could be easily removed, 

 with no damage to the apples, by immersing them for 

 three to six minutes in Javelle water. The apples were 

 then well washed and rinsed in running water and al- 

 lowed to dry. The formula used in preparing Javelle 

 water is as follows : 



JAVELLE WATER 



Bicarbonate of soda 4 lb. 



Chloride of lime 1 lb. 



Put soda in kettle over fire, add 1 gallon boiling water, 

 let bod 10-15 minutes, then stir in the chloride of lime, 

 so as to avoid the formation of lumps. Use when cool. 

 The sodium hyi^ochlorite is the effective reagent in de- 

 stroying the fungus, by oxidation. It is believed that a 

 practicable method can be developed, commercially, to 

 enhance the sale price of blotched fruit, by removing the 

 fun£:us. 



Letter of Xovember 6, 191S. 



