140 ILLINOIS ACADEMY OF SCIENCE 
tree association than the west. In bird societies and reptiles, 
ilo two canyons in my experience, were alike. In half a dozen 
years no cardinals were seen and then three species appeared 
in the same canyon. No rattle snakes were seen and then five 
species were obtained in one season and there are as many 
more to get. 
It is no exaggeration to say that every plant or creature 
west of Kansas is different from its kind eastward. The oaks, 
the pines, and spruces, the ravens, flickers, black-birds, blue 
birds, humming birds, quail and robins, the gophers, squirrels, 
snakes, toads and fishes, the insects good, bad and disgusting. 
The English sparrow and the house fly seem cosmopolitan and 
it is possible that the crow and bittern and some of the swim- 
ming birds are also nation wide. 
No sightseer has been disappointed with the Grand Canyon, 
it is claimed, and not to be wearisome or wasteful of time it 
may be well to snub off with the prediction that no explorer 
in natural history will be disappointed with Arizona. This 
state is the high point of the southwest. Here from the four 
winds the orders and races meet. Very few pass over. 
I have seen enough of the southwest to realize that compar- 
atively few of its secrets are known to me. Here may be 
found the highest peaks of the states and the lowest valleys be- 
low the sea level, and both in the same county. One may 
travel in one day on foot from a torrid climate to the cooling 
breezes of the northern lakes, Here apparently may be found 
all known varieties of land, soil and climatic conditions, and 
then some. If one in this generation volunteers to tell the 
whole story of the southwest it will be well to hold his case 
over for further consideration. 
This much is known that for the explorer the weather at 
an elevation of eight to twelve thousand feet is perfect, from 
the first of June till October. If there is dampness it will be 
but a shower. In winter the lowlands are comfortable. The 
field of research has not been exhausted. The pioneers are 
hospitable and helpful. Come on in—the water is fine. 
