144 ILLINOIS ACADEMY OF SCIENCE 
The chestnut occurs at Olmstead. so far as I know, in a 
single mixed grove some 80 acres in extent, on rolling clay hills 
traversed by a rather deep and steep ravine which cuts into the 
gravel by which the surface soil is said to be underlaid gener- 
ally in this region. The tradition is that at one time this grove 
contained numerous large trees, of which the one photographed 
by Mr. Gault may be considered a sample. These trees have 
been cut out for their timber, and only young trees now re- 
main; but the older trees have seeded freely through the grove 
and the young trees present every appearance of spontaneous 
seedlings in a chestnut association. A census of the more 
evident components of the vegetation of this grove, made in 
the summer of 1916, showed the presence of the following 
species : 
Trees—Acer Negundo, A rubrum, Carya ovalis, C. ovata, 
Castanea dentata, Celtis Mississtppiensis, C, occidentalis, Dio- 
spyrus Virgumiana, Fagus grandifolia, Fraxinus Americana, 
Gleditsia triacanthos, Juniperus Virginiana, Liquidambar Sty- 
raciflua, Liriodendron Tulipifera, Morus rubra, Platanus occi- 
dentalis, Prunus serotina, Quercus alba, Q. Muehlenbergit, Q. 
pagodaefolia, Q. rubra, Q. velutina, Robinia Pseudacacia, 
Sassafras variifolium, Ulmus alata, and U. Americana. 
Shrubs—Asimina triloba, Cercis Canadensis, Cornus flor- 
ida, Corylus Americana, Ilex decidua, Lonicera Japomca—an 
introduced plant abundantly established in the southern part 
of the State, and in open parts of this grove competing here 
and there with the poison ivy in holding the ground surface, 
Psedera quinquefolia Saint-Paulu, Rhus copallina, R. Toxico- 
dendron, Tecoma radicans, Vitis bicolor—about the edges, and 
V. cordifolia. The grove is bordered in places by brambles, 
though these do not penetrate to any great extent into its 
rather densely shaded interior. 
Among the herbaceous plants most in evidence were a 
number of ferns,Adiantum, Aspidium, Asplenium, Botrychium, 
Phegopteris and Woodsia—and such flowering plants as Des- 
modium, Geum, Hedeoma, and the introduced Belamcanda, 
which, like the Japanese honeysuckle, is abundant generally 
in the South. 
The association in which the chestnut occurs in southern 
Illinois is such as would be expected elsewhere where these 
