ADDRESSES 23 
intellectually impractical, but as an organization whose mis- 
sion is to serve the public in the largest possible way. 
The actual relation between pure and applied science can be 
discovered by tracing the history of any notable advance in 
human practice, which is usually regarded as an advance in 
civilization. It will be found that credit for the material 
results of science must be shared by those engaged in pure 
science, those engaged in applied science, and those not trained 
in science at all. The distinction, therefore, is not in the result 
but in the intent. In fact, the difference between pure science 
and applied science in their practical aspects resolves itself 
into the difference between murder and manslaughter, it lies in 
the intention. So long as the world gets the practical results 
of science it is not likely to trouble itself about the intention. 
In every end result of science that reaches the public there is 
an inextricable tangle of contributions. Between the source 
of energy and the point of application there may be much ma- 
chinery, and perhaps none of it can be eliminated from the final 
estimate of values, and yet the public is in danger of gazing at 
the practical electric light and forgetting the impractical power 
house. In fact, schemes of what is called education in science 
have been proposed which would instruct in turning on the 
switch, and say nothing about the power house. 
It is becoming obvious also, that all application must have 
something to apply, and that application only would presently 
result in sterility. There must be perennial contributions to 
knowledge, with or without immediately useful intent, that ap- 
plication may possess a wide and fertile field for cultivation. 
The conclusion is safe that all science is one; that pure 
science is often immensely practical; that applied science is 
often very pure science; and that between the two there is no 
dividing line. They are like the end members of along andinter- 
grading series, very distinct in their isolated and extreme ex- 
pression, but completely connected. If distinction must be ex- 
pressed in terms where no sharp distinction exists, it may be 
expressed by the terms fundamental and superficial. They are 
terms of comparison and admit of every intergrade. In gen- 
eral, a university devoted to research should be interested in 
