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j ADDRESSES 33 
by an appeal to the brotherhood of science and learning, as a 
reason for peace. We still think with horror of the reported 
arguments used by German scholars, including her foremost 
scientists, in favor of, not against the war. With glib tongues, 
-they talked of manifest destiny and the right of might. Yet 
these were the men who had met with us in our conferences, at 
whose feet some of us had learned science and history and 
criticism, who had vowed the unity of learning as a permanent 
force for peace and brotherhood and universal understanding. 
Was any apostasy so great as that of the scientist who knew 
the futility of force, and yet throttled with brutal phrases the 
faith he had once embraced? Or were any lips so false as those 
of the man of learning who spoke not the word of truth, but 
only the false testimony that radiated from Potsdam? Too 
late we learned that German science, like German labor and 
religion, was only a phase of the great national Kultur and 
only useful to its countrymen as it aided, abetted and defended 
that Kultur in its stroke for world mastery. 
There is no great need to stress the fact that this war, as no 
war that came before it, is a war of science against science. 
Even above the cry; “9 your tents, O Americans,” was heard 
the call, “To your laboratories, O, Scientists.” For the sub- 
marine was transformed all at once from a scientific toy into 
the wasp of the sea; the dirty coal tar became in an instant a 
precious possession, for it became the raw material of muni- 
tions. From submarine detectors and depth bombs and gas 
masks to substitutes for rubber and platinum, from the manu- 
facture of optical glass to the preparation of aniline dyes and 
antiseptics, everywhere the scientist has been asked to give his 
knowledge and his methods to the national defense. We need 
only call the roll of the research laboratories of the country, 
commercial as well as educational, to realize how many are in 
the service and what a war of science it is. We are arrayed 
against a nation of scientists, and brain is fighting against 
brain even more than arm against arm. We had toyed with the 
airplane; the Germans, the scientific as well as the military 
aggressors, soon made our efforts look like child’s play. Speed 
and range and stability took on a new aspect, for they now 
meant not the plaudits or shudders of gaping crowds at Long 
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