“a 
4 
7 
>> 
Ps 
S 
j 
PAPERS ON BOTANY 113 
On South Fox Island the lighthouse stands upon an isolated 
mound of sand at the extreme south of the island. This mound 
is a dune some 70 feet high and 200 yards across, standing upon 
a gravel bar some 400 yards long and half as broad, and con- 
necting it with the main portion of the island. From the ridges 
of the island to the lighthouse dune the ridge is swept bare for 
more than 200 yards and its surface is seen to be about 20 feet 
above the lake and this agrees so well with the elevation of the 
Nipissing beach that it seems probable that it was actually 
formed by those lakes. 
Upon the Beaver Islands the beaches have been traced by 
Taylor and there is no doubt as to the identity of those oc- 
cupied by the dunes under consideration. Upon the west shore 
Tig. 1. Diagramatic east-west cross section of a dune 
perched upon a wave-cut terrace of Nipissing age. Beaver 
Island, Mich. Vertical height in feet at the left of diagram. 
Horizontal scale one-half the vertical. 
of High Island the dunes form a crescent about the inner side 
of a bay about two miles across. The shore is gravelly through- 
out and just back of the fore-dune a well developed beach is 
seen, partly covered with partially fixed low dunes. An exactly 
similar area about 100 yards broad is to be seen on the west 
shore of Beaver Island. At the northern end of the west shore 
dune area of Beaver Island this low complex of beach gravel 
and small superimposed dunes merges into a sand cliff of 
higher sand ridges, but farther south it passes to a strong 
wave-cut bench from 100 to 200 yards wide with a steep cliff 
50 to 100 feet high (Fig. 1). Upon this bench, the most striking 
development of the Nipissing beach upon the island, a dune 
